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5 protocols using phosphoric acid

1

Synthesis of Novel Organic Compounds

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Briefly, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (99 wt%), 4,4′-diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid (98 wt%), N-vinylimidazole (99 wt%), and phosphorus pentoxide (98.5 wt%) were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ethane bromide (99 wt%), ferrous sulfate (99 wt%), ethyl acetate (99.7 wt%), and phosphoric acid (85 wt%) were obtained from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). Azobisisobutyronitrile (98 wt%), anhydrous ethanol (99.5 wt%) N,N-Dimethylformamide (99 wt%), and sodium chloride (99.5 wt%) were obtained from Tianjin Jiangtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Hydrogen peroxide (3 wt%) was purchased from Shandong Likang Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (Taian, China).
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2

Quantification of Organic Acids in Samples

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Japanese Hitachi L-2000 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Sepax Bio-C18 analytical column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm), Japanese Shimadzu AUW220 electronic balance, Beckman Allegra-64R high-speed freezing centrifuge, and SHZ-82A constant-temperature water bath incubator (Tianjin Tianjing Experimental Instrument Factory, Tianjin, China) were employed in this study.
Nine chromatographically pure standard organic acids, purchased from Tianjin Guangfu Reagent Research Institute, were used in this study, namely oxalic acid, tartaric acid, formic acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and propionic acid. In addition, other chromatographically pure acids were also employed, which are acetonitrile (TEDIA, Cincinnati, OH, USA) and phosphoric acid (Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory, Tianjin, China). Ultrapure water was used throughout the analyses.
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3

Enzymatic Synthesis of Lipid-Based Products

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Glycerol (purity ≥ 99.0%), ethanol (purity ≥ 99.7%), ethyl acetate (purity ≥ 99.5%) and phosphoric acid (purity ≥ 85.0%) were purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Co. (China). Lauric acid (purity ≥ 98.0%), SB (purity ≥ 99.0%), PS (purity ≥ 99.0%), and sodium hydroxide (purity ≥ 98.0%) were obtained from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Company (China). Lipozyme 435 was obtained from Novozymes Co. (Denmark). All water is purified by Mili-Q (Advantage A10, Merck KgaA, Germany).
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4

Purification and Characterization of CGA Compounds

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CGA, CGA-ME, and CGA-LT were purified by us using D101 macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column chromatography, and preparative HPLC from the aqueous extract of FE; the compounds were identified by UV, IR, MS, and NMR technologies [14 (link)]. Their purities above 95% were determined by UPLC analysis. LC-grade acetonitrile was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). LC-grade water was produced by a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Massachusetts, MA, USA). Formic acid was bought from Meridian Medical Technologies (MREDA, New York, NY, USA). Phosphoric acid, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate were bought from DAMAO Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China).
The phosphate buffer solution at pH 2, 4, 6, and 8 was prepared according to the guidelines released by Chinese pharmacopoeia.
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5

Britton–Robinson Buffer Solutions Preparation

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Britton–Robinson buffer solutions (B–R) with different pH values were prepared by titrating 0.1 M sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. Quinine sulfate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), cysteine, balofloxacin, clinafloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin mesylate, and enrofloxacin were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Company. Methotrexate, methionine, phenylalanine, and l-cysteine were purchased from Macklin Reagent Company. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, l-glutamate, d-fructose, glucose, l-glutamic acid, KI, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and boric acid were purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory. K2CO3, KCl, BaCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3, MnCl2, CrCl3, CaCl2, and BeCl2 were all utilized as analytically pure reagents, and purchased from Kelong Reagent Factory. KF, ZnSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Mg2SO4, PbCl2, and Cd2SO4 were all used as analytically pure reagents and purchased from Guanghua Reagent Company. Ultrapure water was used in all the experiments.
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