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8 protocols using 17β estradiol e2

1

Ovariectomized Mice Estradiol Implant

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Adult WT or SUR2KO female mice at the age of 9 wks were subject to ovariectomization [25 (link)]. These mice were subsequently implanted with 17β-estradiol (E2) or placebo pellets (0.1 μg/g/day, 21-day release, Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL). All mice received our I-R protocol on Day 18-20.
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2

Humanized Mammary Tumor Xenograft Model

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The care of animals and all animal procedures were conducted in accordance with a protocol approved by the Tufts University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and the approval number for animal research is A-3775-01. Colonies of NOD/SCID mice were maintained in house. Mice were given food and water ad libitum. To humanize mice, mammary epithelium was removed from the fourth mammary glands of 3 week-old NOD/SCID females, and RMF-EG cells were injected into the fat pad as described [31] (link). Two weeks post-humanization, GFP virus-infected cells (100,000 per gland) were co-mixed with primary breast stromal cells (2.5×105 per gland) in a 1∶1 mixture of collagen and Matrigel (BD Biosciences) and injected into humanized fat pads. Mice were ovariectomized at the time of transplantation and implanted with 0.1 mg 17β-estradiol (E2), 10 mg progesterone (P4), 0.1 mg E2/10 mg P4 or placebo pellets (Innovative Research of America) to model serum levels of hormones present during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Tissue was collected 8 weeks following surgery and imaged for GFP expression.
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3

Intracerebroventricular Injection and Ovariectomy Protocol

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Intracerebroventricular injection was performed as previously described (22 (link)). Briefly, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, a small incision was made in the scalp, and an injection was achieved at a point 1 mm lateral and 1 mm caudal to bregma, at a depth of 2 mm. The volume for all intracerebroventricular injections was 1 μL in a 10-μL syringe (Hamilton). The syringe was left in place for 1 min to allow for infusate diffusion. The proper injection site was verified in pilot experiments by administration and localization of Evans Blue dye. Intracerebroventricular administration of okadaic acid (OA, 20 ng; Abcam) and FTY720 (fingolimod, 2.5 µg; Cayman) was performed twice a week (23 (link),24 (link)).
Ovariectomies were performed in 10-week-old mice, as described previously (25 (link)). For peripheral estrogen treatment, pellets releasing vehicle or 17β-estradiol (E2) (0.25 mg, 60-day release pellets; Innovative Research of America) were implanted 1 week after ovariectomy. The β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 (0.5 mg/kg; Tocris) was administered daily via i.p. route (26 (link)).
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4

Quantification of Estradiol Signaling

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Lowry protein assay kits, glucose-6-phosphate, glycerol, pepstatin, leupeptin, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and rotenone were purchased from Sigma. 1ß-[3H]-androstenedione was purchased from Perkin-Elmer Life Science. RNeasy mini kits were purchased from Qiagen. MuLV reverse transcriptase, RNase inhibitor, oligo (dT)16, and Fast SYBR green PCR master mix were obtained from Applied Biosystems. Real-time PCR primers were synthesized by Sigma-Genosys. Mouse/rat estradiol Elisa kit was purchased from Calbiotech Inc. 17β-estradiol (E2) and placebo pellets were purchased from Innovative Research of America.
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5

Comprehensive Immunophenotyping of Mouse Cells

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Fluorescently-labeled antibodies against CD3 (145-2C11), CD25 (PC61), CD44 (IM7), CD16/CD32 (2.4G2), CD14 (rmC5-3), CD45R/B220 (RA3-6B2), Thy1.2 (53-2.1), ICOS (7E.17G9), Sca-1 (D7), CD69 (H1.2F3), MHC II (AMS-32.1), and Siglec-F (E50-2440) were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). The anti-T1/ST2 (DJ8) antibody was from MD Biosciences (St. Paul, MN). The antibodies to CD127/IL-7Rα (A7R34) and Gata3 (TWAJ) were from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). Recombinant mouse IL-7 and IL-33 were purchased from eBioscience and recombinant mouse IL-25 was from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). The placebo, 17β-estradiol (E2), and combination progesterone (P4)/E2 pellets were ordered from Innovative Research of America (Sarasota, FL) and E2 powder for tissue culture was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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6

Ovariectomy and Estradiol Replacement in Mice

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At 7 to 10 weeks of age, female mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated, under isoflurane (Baxter Medical Ab, Kista, Sweden) anesthetization by inhalation. Carprofen (Orion Pharma AB, Animal Health, Sollentuna, Sweden) was administered subcutaneously as postoperative analgesic.
Mice were implanted with slow release pellets containing placebo or 17β-Estradiol (E2) at the time of ovx (0.05 mg E2/kg/day; 90-day release, Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL). The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups per genotype (6–9 mice per group): sham + placebo, ovx + placebo or ovx + E2. Treatment continued until study termination (4 weeks).
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7

Estradiol Administration in CIA Model

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Mice were administered subcutaneous slow-release implants with 17β-estradiol (E2; Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA) or placebo at the time point of OVX, resulting in daily doses of 0.83 μg of E2 per mouse. In one CIA experiment, mice received only 3 days of E2 treatment, administered by subcutaneous injections during days 20 to 22, using 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (1 μg/mouse/day: Sigma-Aldrich) in inert oil (Miglyol 812; Recip, Årsta, Sweden), and control mice received oil only. As described earlier, mice treated with estradiol in doses similar to those used herein obtain serum estradiol of 10 to 25 pg/ml, which in healthy mice corresponds to low diestrus levels [26 (link)]. Successful OVX and estrogen treatment was confirmed by weighing uteri at termination (data not shown).
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8

Hormone Pellet Implantation in Animals

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The hormones were administered in the form of pellets containing 17β-estradiol (E2) and P (0.06 mg and 10 mg/pellet respectively, 21-day release; Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL). These were surgically implanted subcutaneously in anesthetized animals under aseptic conditions.
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