Prism software

The data (except for the survival curves and scatter plots) are reported as the means ± SEMs of values of triplicate results. The means of different treatments were compared by Student’s t test or ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s t test (GraphPad Prism Software). Bacterial counts were reported as the means of CFUs and were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test (GraphPad Prism Software). The survival rate was expressed as the percentage of live animals, and the Mantel-Cox log rank test was used to determine the differences between survival curves (GraphPad Prism Software version 3). A p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. For the gut microbiome analysis, the Adonis test was used to determine significant whole microbiome differences among discrete categorical or continuous variables. In this randomization/Monte Carlo permutation test, the samples were randomly reassigned to the various sample categories, and the mean normalized cross-category differences from each permutation were compared to the true cross-category differences. The fraction of permutations with greater distinction among categories (larger cross-category differences) than those observed with the non-permuted data were reported as the p-value for the Adonis test.

For enzymatic and TSA assays data are representative of at least two independent experiments with technical triplicates and data are presented as the mean ± SD. For ITC and cellular assays (dCK, c-KIT and CRISPR models) (cell cycle, nucleotide pool, Annexin V and DNA damage assays) each experiment was performed at least three times with technical triplicates for cellular models and data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical comparison of cellular assays was performed using two-tailed unpaired t test (GraphPad Prism Software (9.4.0)). IC₅₀ values (enzymatic and cellular assays) were calculated by nonlinear regression curves using GraphPad Prism Software (9.4.0). Pearson r correlation (two-tailed) was computed after verification of the normal distribution of the dataset. Bioluminescence data were presented as the mean ± SEM and comparison was performed using two-way ANOVA test and Turkey multiple comparison test. Comparison of bioluminescence data at day 21 and hCD45⁺ populations (day 19 and day 21) were performed using one-way ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Median survival times were compared using log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analyses for animal studies were generated using GraphPad Prism Software (8.0.2).

All data were presented as mean ± SEM if not specified. Statistical significances were evaluated by student’s t test or ANOVA analysis (with Bonferroni post-test) using GraphPad Prism Software (version 5), and a p < 0.05 was set as a significance. The area under curve (AUC) for each mouse’s IPGTT and ITT data were calculated using GraphPad Prism Software (version 5. Y_baseline = 0, all peaks must go above the baseline, and ignore peaks that are less than 10% of the distance from minimum to maximum Y). The Spearman rank correlation and the Pearson correlation analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism Software (version 5).

All data are expressed as mean +/- SEM (n = 4 or greater). All expression statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in GraphPad prism software. Weekly mouse weights and food intake data was analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons at the 95% confidence level. For ipGTT, area under the curve (AUC) was generated and the data was analyzed by two-tailed student’s t-test in GraphPad prism software. Sample data generated by Reveal Biosciences was entered into GraphPad prism software and analyzed for statistical significance using an unpaired student’s t-test (2-tailed). P-values are reported as follows: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, and **** p ≤ 0.0001.

Results are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least 3 independent experiments, 3 human subjects, and at least 4 mice/group. Statistical analyses were performed by the Student's t test or linear regression test according to the type of data, using the Prism Graph pad software (v8). Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed using the Prism Graph pad software (v8). A p value < 0.05 was conventionally considered statistically significant.