Focus 6

All specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol. Spermathecae were cleared in trypsin enzyme solution to dissolve non-chitinous tissues. Specimens were examined under a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Photomicroscope images were taken with an Olympus C7070 zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels). Photographs were stacked with Helicon Focus 6.7.1 and processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2018.
The terminology used in the text and figures follows Bertani (2000) (link) and Sherwood et al. (2021) (link). All measurements are in millimetres. Eye sizes were measured as the maximum diameter from either the dorsal or frontal view. Leg measurements are given as follows: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus).
Abbreviations: A apical keel; ALE anterior lateral eyes; AME anterior median eyes; BL basal lobe of retrolateral embolus keel; MOA median ocular area; PLE posterior lateral eyes; PME posterior median eyes; PS prolateral superior keel; The type material is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).

All specimens are preserved in 75% ethanol and deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS). Spermathecae were cleared in a trypsin enzyme solution to dissolve non-chitinous tissues. Specimens were examined under a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Photomicroscope images were taken with an Olympus C7070 zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels). Photographs were stacked with Helicon Focus 6.7.1 and processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2018.
The terminology used in the text and figures follows Bertani (2000) (link). All measurements are in millimetres. Eye sizes were measured as the maximum diameter in either a dorsal or frontal view. Leg measurements are given as follows: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus).

Types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing. All specimens collected were preserved and observed in a 95% ethanol solution. The specimens were measured and examined under a Leica M205C stereomicroscope, and further morphological details were observed using an Olympus BX41 compound microscope. The male palp was dissected from the left side of the spider for further examination. The carapace measurements include the clypeus (except for Relictocera sp. which has a distinct clypeus). The length and width ratios were measured according to the length of the cymbium (including the cymbial protrusion) to its width. The internal genitalia of the female and the male palp were dissected and immersed in lactic acid for digestion. An Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope was used to take photos at different focal plans. The photos were assembled with the image stacking software Helicon Focus 6.7.1 to generate high quality photos before further editing with Adobe Photoshop CC 2014. Leg measurements are given as total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus). Leg segments were measured from their retrolateral side. All measurements are given in millimetres (mm). Terminology follows Li et al. (2014) (link), Tong and Li (2007) , and Deeleman-Reinhold (1995) .

Types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing. All specimens collected were studied and preserved in 95% ethanol. The specimens were measured and examined with a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope, and further morphological details were observed with an Olympus BX41 compound microscope. Male palps were detached from the left side of the animal for further examination (except for Leclerceraxiangbabang sp. nov. whose right palp was detached). Carapace length was measured excluding the clypeus. Internal genitalia of the female and palpal bulbs were dissected and immersed in lactic acid. An Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope was used to take photos at different focal planes. The photos were then transferred to the image stacking software Helicon Focus 6.7.1 to generate photos with a greater depth of field before further processing with Adobe Photoshop CC 2014. Leg measurements are shown as total length: femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus. Leg segments were measured from their retrolateral side. All measurements are given in millimetres (mm). All terminology follows that of Li et al. (2014) (link).

The specimens were examined using a Leica M205C stereomicroscope. Details were studied under an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Vulvae were cleared in lactic acid. Photomicroscope images were made with a Canon EOS 750D zoom digital camera (18 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Photos were stacked with Helicon Focus 6.7.1 and processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2020. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specimens were air-dried, sputter-coated using IXRF SYSTEMS, and imaged with a Hitachi TM3030 SEM. All measurements were taken using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and are in millimeters. All specimens are preserved in 75% ethanol. The type material is deposited in Shenyang Normal University (SYNU) in Shenyang, China.
The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: a = apodeme; ALE = anterior lateral eye; ca = conical apophysis; css = chestnut-shaped structure; dm = dorsal membrane; flp = flag-like process; llp = leaf-like projection; nlm = needle-like membrane; PLE = posterior lateral eye; PME = posterior median eye; rlp = ridge-like protuberance; sls = snout-like structure; ssd = semicircle-shaped depression; sss = semicircle-shaped structure; stp = strong, tooth-like projection; vp = ventral projection; vpr = ventral protuberance; wd = winding duct.

Types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing. All specimens collected were studied and preserved in 75% ethanol. The specimens were measured and examined with a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope and further morphological details were observed with an Olympus BX41 compound microscope. Male palps were detached from the left side of the animal for further examination. Carapace length was measured excluding the clypeus. Internal genitalia of the female and palpal bulbs were dissected and immersed in lactic acid. An Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope was used to take photos at different focal planes. The photos were then transferred to the image stacking software Helicon Focus 6.7.1 to generate photos with a greater depth of field before further processing with Adobe Photoshop CC 2014. Leg measurements are shown as total length: femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus and tarsus. Leg segments were measured from their retrolateral side. All measurements are given in millimetres (mm). All terminology follows that of Li et al (2014) (link). The distribution map was generated with Google Earth Pro 7.3.2 (Google Limited Liability Company).

Specimens of Hypogastruraellisi sp. n. were cleared in Nesbitt’s fluid (Wang et al. 2003 ), subsequently mounted on slides in Swan’s medium (Swan 1936 ) and studied using a Nikon Eclipse E600 phase contrast microscope. Figures were drawn with the camera lucida. Photographs were made using a camera Nikon D5100 mounted on a microscope mentioned above. Photographs were stacked using Helicon Focus 6.7.1. and prepared for publication using Adobe Photoshop CS6.
Terminology for the description follows that given in Fjellberg (1984 , 1999 ), Babenko et al. (1994) and Thibaud et al. (2004) .
Abbreviations used:
Ant. I–IV antennal segments I–IV,
Th. I–III thoracic terga I–III,
Abd. I–VI abdominal terga I–VI.