For TEM analysis, 4 mice from each group were deeply anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (80 mg/kg nembutal) and perfused transcardially with 10 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) followed by 2.5% glutaraldehyde-4% paraformaldehyde in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (PB). The brain was quickly stripped in an ice bath, and tissues of 1 mm3 were cut from the hippocampal CA1 area. Then, the tissues were fixed in 2.5% electronic microscopy-grade glutaraldehyde for 2 h, washed several times with 0.01 M PBS, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.01 M PB for 2 h and dehydrated with a gradient alcohol series. Samples were embedded in Epon812 epoxy resin. Tissue blocks were then cut into 1 μm semithin sections, placed on slides, stained with azure-methylene blue and assessed by a light microscope. Then, areas were selected from the semithin sections and cut into thin sections. After uranyl acetate/lead citrate double staining, neurons and ultrastructures were observed on a Philips EM208S transmission electron microscope (Philips EM208S).
Em 208
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in Netherlands, United States, Japan, Germany
The EM 208S is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) designed for use in research and industrial applications. It provides high-resolution imaging of samples at the nano and microscale levels. The EM 208S is capable of producing detailed images of the surface structure and composition of a wide range of materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ultima 4, by Rigaku (4 mentions)
Zetasizer nano z, by Malvern Panalytical (4 mentions)
Xl30 microscope, by Philips (3 mentions)
Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer ft ir 8300, by Shimadzu (3 mentions)
Multilab 3000 spectrometer, by Microtech (3 mentions)
Item software platform, by Olympus (3 mentions)
Quemesa, by Olympus (3 mentions)
X pert pro, by Philips (2 mentions)
Tensor 27, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Cellulose dialysis membrane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 medium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
X pert mpd, by Philips (2 mentions)
Thermos gravimetric analyzer tg 50, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Pw1730, by Philips (2 mentions)
Eclipse 50i pol, by Nikon (2 mentions)
Ultracut r ultramicrotome, by Leica (2 mentions)
Sigma 300, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Mira3, by TESCAN (2 mentions)
Copper specimen grid mesh 200, by Electron Microscopy Sciences (2 mentions)
Spurr resin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
134 protocols using em 208
1
Ultrastructural Analysis of Hippocampal CA1 Neurons
2
Virus Visualization via Electron Microscopy
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The supernatant of cell monolayers showing a cytopathic effect was collected under Biosafety Level 3 and biocontainment facilities, and first inactivated with 1% formaldehyde in PBS for 1 h. It was then ultracentrifuged at 25 000 rpm (SW41 rotor, Beckman Coulter Optima XE ultracentrifuge) (Calderaro et al., 2020 (link)). The resulting pellet was used to prepare a standard (50 μL) drop to be put in contact with a 400-mesh plastic (formvar)-coated copper grid. After negative staining using an aqueous solution of phosphotungstic acid (2%, pH 6.4), sample observation was done using a transmission electron microscope (EM 208S Philips) at 44 000 magnifications (Calderaro et al., 2014 (link)).
3
Comprehensive Characterization of Nanomaterials
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X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded by a Philips-X’PertPro, X-ray diffractometer using Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation at scan range of 10 < 2θ < 80. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained on LEO-1455VP equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Room temperature photoluminescence36 properties were studied on a Perkin-Elmer (LS 55) fluorescence spectrophotometer. The energy dispersive spectrometry37 analysis was studied by XL30, Philips microscope. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on Magna-IR, spectrometer 550 Nicolet with 0.125 cm−1 resolution in KBr pellets in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. GC-2550TG (Teif Gostar Faraz Company, Iran) were used for all chemical analyses. TEM image was taken with an EM208S Philips transmission electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 100 kv.
4
Characterization of Pirimicarb-Imprinted Polymer
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The characteristics and surface properties of the pirimicarb molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP-CuFe2O4/GQDs) have been evaluated using various analyses. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (Tensor 27, Bruker) was performed to identify the functional groups and their interactions with pirimicarb pesticide. The crystalline structures of prepared materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique (Tongda, model TD-3700, china). Moreover, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to investigate the surface topography and composition of the aforementioned nanocomposite (TESCAN MIRA3 FEG-SEM). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of CuFe2O4 and MIP-CuFe2O4/GQDs was recorded using Philips EM 208S. The residual pirimicarb concentrations at any step were determined with a UV–VIS spectrophotometer (Specord 250, Analytik Jena), and a fluorescence spectrophotometer (LS45, PerkinElmer) was applied for the sensing process.
5
Characterization of POA Micelle Properties
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Micellization behaviorsThe critical micelle concentration (CMC) of POA micelles was established by fluorescence measurement.[13 ] Pyrene with a final concentration of 6.0 × 10−7 M was used as a fluorescent probe. The different concentrations of POA polymer (1 to 10−9 g/l) were added to volumetric flasks, which already had dried pyrene solution (6.0 × 10−7 M) in acetone. After 24 h, fluorescence intensity was measured at λem = 390 nm and λex = 339 nm using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi F-2500 fluorescence spectrophotometer, Corston, United Kingdom).
Size and zeta potential analysis of POA micellesThe average size and zeta potential of the POA micelles were analyzed by the zeta sizer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, United Kingdom). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also used to determine POA micelles morphology by the negative staining technique (TEM Philips EM 208S, Hillsboro, USA). The micelles were prepared and stored at 4°C for 2 months to evaluate their physical stability.
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Micellization behaviorsThe critical micelle concentration (CMC) of POA micelles was established by fluorescence measurement.[13 ] Pyrene with a final concentration of 6.0 × 10−7 M was used as a fluorescent probe. The different concentrations of POA polymer (1 to 10−9 g/l) were added to volumetric flasks, which already had dried pyrene solution (6.0 × 10−7 M) in acetone. After 24 h, fluorescence intensity was measured at λem = 390 nm and λex = 339 nm using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi F-2500 fluorescence spectrophotometer, Corston, United Kingdom).
Size and zeta potential analysis of POA micellesThe average size and zeta potential of the POA micelles were analyzed by the zeta sizer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, United Kingdom). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also used to determine POA micelles morphology by the negative staining technique (TEM Philips EM 208S, Hillsboro, USA). The micelles were prepared and stored at 4°C for 2 months to evaluate their physical stability.
6
Evaluating Cell Viability and Inhibition via Laser Irradiation
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After 96 h of laser irradiation, HepG2.2.15 and HepG2 cells were harvested, washed twice in PBS, centrifuged, Cell viability % = (OD irradiated group/ OD control group) X100
Cell inhibitory rate = 100% -Cell viability % Laser dosages 2 J/cm 2 , 4 J/cm 2 , 8 J/ cm 2 , and 10 J/cm 2 fixed for 12 h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, for 1 h in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in a graded series of acetone, and embedded in Epon 812. Then, 70-80 nm sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (EM 208S, Philips, USA) [27, (link)28] (link).
Cell inhibitory rate = 100% -Cell viability % Laser dosages 2 J/cm 2 , 4 J/cm 2 , 8 J/ cm 2 , and 10 J/cm 2 fixed for 12 h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, for 1 h in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in a graded series of acetone, and embedded in Epon 812. Then, 70-80 nm sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (EM 208S, Philips, USA) [27, (link)28] (link).
7
Physicochemical Characterization of Niosomes
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The mean size, polydispersity index (PDI) and ZP of niosomes were analyzed by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) using the Zetasizer Nano-ZS device (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). The diffraction pattern (XRD) was obtained using an X-ray diffractometer (model D8-Advance, Bruker AXS, Germany) at 40 kV, 30 mA, the angle range of 4 to 45° at a scan speed of 1°/min. FTIR spectroscopy was performed to characterize the interaction between the components. Infrared spectra were recorded in the range of 4000–450 cm−1, and the resolution of 1 cm−1 using an FTIR-One spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were carried out using a differential scanning calorimeter model pyris6 (PerkinElmer, Norwalk, USA). Nano-vesicles morphological state was examined using an EM 208S transmission electron microscope (TEM, Philips, Netherlands).
8
Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
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For SEM (ZIESSA, Sigma 300) analysis, purified AgNPs were sonicated for 15 min to reach a uniform distribution. A drop of the solution was loaded on carbon-coated copper grids and allowed to evaporate under infrared light for 30 min.
TEM (PHILIPS EM208S) analysis was performed using an acceleration voltage of 100 kV. Drops of an AgNP solution were loaded on nitrocellulose- and Formvar-coated copper TEM grids. After 2 min, the extra solution was removed, and the grids were allowed to dry at room temperature. The acquired data were analysed by Statistical Software (StatSoft, Tulsa, Okla., United States) using the variability plot of average methods. After 100 measurements the size distribution of the AgNPs was estimated using TEM imaging and analysis software (TIA).
EDAX analysis of AgNPs was performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) equipped with an EDAX attachment.
TEM (PHILIPS EM208S) analysis was performed using an acceleration voltage of 100 kV. Drops of an AgNP solution were loaded on nitrocellulose- and Formvar-coated copper TEM grids. After 2 min, the extra solution was removed, and the grids were allowed to dry at room temperature. The acquired data were analysed by Statistical Software (StatSoft, Tulsa, Okla., United States) using the variability plot of average methods. After 100 measurements the size distribution of the AgNPs was estimated using TEM imaging and analysis software (TIA).
EDAX analysis of AgNPs was performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) equipped with an EDAX attachment.
9
Nanofiber Morphology Analysis
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To investigate nanofibers morphology, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), (Philips XL30, the Netherlands) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), (Philips EM 208S, the Netherlands) images were analyzed. In order to measure fibers diameter, Digimizer software was applied in which 100 fibers from each SEM image were opted randomly.
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To investigate nanofibers morphology, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), (Philips XL30, the Netherlands) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), (Philips EM 208S, the Netherlands) images were analyzed. In order to measure fibers diameter, Digimizer software was applied in which 100 fibers from each SEM image were opted randomly.
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Catalysts
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For this project, some chemical and reagents purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, including, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, NaBH4, NH3.H2O, TEOS, EtOH, toluene, Et3N, (3-chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane, phthalimide, semicarbazide, nitro compounds, MB, CR, MeOH, deionized water and AgNO3 and following the reaction progress were done by UV–Vis, GC and TLC on aluminum-backed plates of silica gel 60 F254.
The catalyst characterization was accomplished using, XRD, BET, FTIR, TGA, SEM/EDX, TEM and ICP-AES. The instrument for FTIR and UV–Vis spectra were PERKIN-ELMER-spectrum 65. All patterns of XRD were achieved on a Rigaku Ultima (Japan), operating at 20–60 kV and 2–60 Ma at r.t. SEM/EDX and TEM images were found via a Tescan instrument using Au-coated samples (20 kV) and Philips EM 208 s instrument, respectively. Thermal gravimetric analyses were recorded by a TA instrument; model Q600 from room temperature to 1350 °C (Rate: 20 °C min−1), under N2 atmosphere. For investigation of textural properties of catalysts (BET), BELSORP Mini II instrument were carried out and both samples degassed at 423 K for 1.5 h. Moreover, experimental research and field studies on plants were in compliance with institutional guidelines.
The catalyst characterization was accomplished using, XRD, BET, FTIR, TGA, SEM/EDX, TEM and ICP-AES. The instrument for FTIR and UV–Vis spectra were PERKIN-ELMER-spectrum 65. All patterns of XRD were achieved on a Rigaku Ultima (Japan), operating at 20–60 kV and 2–60 Ma at r.t. SEM/EDX and TEM images were found via a Tescan instrument using Au-coated samples (20 kV) and Philips EM 208 s instrument, respectively. Thermal gravimetric analyses were recorded by a TA instrument; model Q600 from room temperature to 1350 °C (Rate: 20 °C min−1), under N2 atmosphere. For investigation of textural properties of catalysts (BET), BELSORP Mini II instrument were carried out and both samples degassed at 423 K for 1.5 h. Moreover, experimental research and field studies on plants were in compliance with institutional guidelines.
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