Enzymes were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA) and included α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis (Cat No 10069, ∼380 U/mg), bromelain extracted from pineapple stem (Cat No B4882, ≥3 U/mg), lysostaphin from Staphylococcus simulans (Cat No L9043, ≥3,000 U/mg), and papain extracted from Carica papaya (Cat No 76220, ≥3 U/mg). Stock solutions of lysostaphin were prepared in 20 mM sodium acetate at pH 4.5 and stored at −20°C. Working dilutions were prepared daily using 20 mM Tris–HCl with 100 mM NaCl at pH 7.4. Working concentrations of the other enzymes were prepared daily from the powder form using 20 mM Tris–HCl with 100 mM NaCl at pH 7.4.
α amylase from bacillus
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
α-amylase from Bacillus is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides. It is a digestive enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lysostaphin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bromelain, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glucoamylase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Immobead 150, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dicumyl peroxide dcp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polymethyl methacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L fucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride cacl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Florisil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D xylose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D mannose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L rhamnose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bodipy fl hydrazide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L arabinose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 n morpholino propanesulfonic acid mops, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D galactose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium nitrate nano3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using α amylase from bacillus
1
Enzymatic Preparations for Biomedical Research
2
Enzyme and Chemical Characterization
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Commercial cellulase enzyme (NewCell Conc L) was purchased from NewEnzymes, Pedrouços, Portugal. Cellulase and 2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one (>1%) made up the enzyme preparation. α-Amylase from Bacillus sp., type II-A, lyophilised powder (≥1500 units/mg protein), glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger, powder (~120 U/mg), poly (methyl methacrylate) (Mw: 50,000 Da), Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilised on Immobead 150, recombinant from Aspergillus oryzae with enzyme activity ≥1800 U/g, and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were provided from Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany. All chemicals for the microbial cultures were obtained from Pol-Aura, Olsztyn, Poland. The other chemicals and solvents were purchased from Alchem, Wrocław, Poland.
3
Characterization of Commercial Apple Pectin
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Commercial apple pectin (AP) with a degree of methylesterification (DM) of 74% and a molecular weight (Mw) of 356 ± 28.28 kDa was supplied by Cargill (Belgium) and encoded AP74. The pectin samples were stored in a desiccator until use. Amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger, α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformi, florisil, 3-(N-Morpholino)propane sulfonic acid (MOPS), sodium acetate, L-fucose, L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-xylose were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). D-galactose, sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium hydroxide (1 M), acetic acid, HCl (1 M), and L-rhamnose were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Fluorescent dye BODIPY FL hydrazide (4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene-3-propionylhydrazide) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Merelbeke, Belgium). Sodium hydroxide (extra pure flakes) was purchased from VWR Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium). Unless mentioned otherwise, all chemicals used were of analytical grade.
4
Mineral Bioavailability Evaluation Protocol
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Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (specific activity, 3412 U/mg), α-amylase from Bacillus sp. (specific activity, 1380 U/mg), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (specific activity, 4.3 U/mg trypsin activity), bovine bile (specific activity, 1.410 mM/g), 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid disodium salt (PIPES) and dialysis tubing (high retention seamless cellulose tubing, average flat width 23 mm, molecular weight cut-off 12,400 kDa) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Dorset, UK. Concentrated HNO 3 (PrimarPlus TM grade) was obtained from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK. Wheat flour standard reference material (NIST 1567b) was procured from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Stable isotopes, 57 Fe and 70 Zn (95% enrichment) were purchased from Isoflex, USA.
Common bean, pearl millet and finger millet were procured from supermarkets while the rest of the cereals and legumes were kindly supplied by colleagues in UK and Malawi (maize, cowpea, velvet bean and wheat). All cereals and legumes were milled into flour before analysis.
Common bean, pearl millet and finger millet were procured from supermarkets while the rest of the cereals and legumes were kindly supplied by colleagues in UK and Malawi (maize, cowpea, velvet bean and wheat). All cereals and legumes were milled into flour before analysis.
5
Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
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Low molecular weight chitosan (≥75% deacetylated, viscosity 20-300cps, molecular weight 50,000-190,000 Da), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), starch, pepsin, pancreatin, α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis, lysozyme, doxorubicin (DOX), β hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin (βCD), rhodamine B, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), coumarin 343 and 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore. Hylon VII was obtained as a kind gift from Ingredion, Singapore. Eudragit L100 and S100 were obtained as a kind gift from Evonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd. Dulbecco's minimum essential medium/high glucose with 4.0mM L-Glutamine and sodium pyruvate (DMEM -GE Hyclone) used for Caco2 cell culture was obtained from GE Healthcare Pte Ltd. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco), 1% non-essential amino acids (NEAA) (Gibco), 1% penicillin streptomycin solution (Gibco) and 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Trypsin-EDTA) (Gibco) were procured from Life Technologies Holdings Pte. Ltd. cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. Coagulans, was extracted based on previously reported protocol by purification of the ethyl acetate fraction. [20]
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