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14 protocols using phg0311l

1

Quantification of Phosphorylated EGFR

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Quantification of phosphorylated EGFR levels was performed using the HTRF-Cellular kits: Phospho-EGFR (Tyr1068) Cellular Assay Kit (64EG1PEG, cisbio) and Total EGFR Cellular Assay Kit (64NG1PEG, cisbio). The specific EGFR phosphorylation on Tyr1068 and the total EGFR were measured after EGF-stimulation (20 ng/mL EGF (recombinant human epidermal growth factor, PHG0311L, Thermo Fisher Scientific) in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium). We followed the two-plate assay protocol provided by the vendor (SI Method S9 for a detailed description).
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2

EGFR-Gapmer ASO Binding Kinetics

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Purified recombinant EGF (PHG0311L, ThermoFisher Scientific) or EGFR protein (PV3872, ThermoFisher Scientific) were incubated with FITC-labeled 2′-MOE gapmer PS-ASOs (IONIS ID 256903) or phosphodiester ASO (synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies) in 100 μl binding buffer (20 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 10% glycerol) as previously described (28 ). Reactions contained purified EGF at concentrations ranging from 3 nM to 3 μM or purified recombinant EGFR protein at concentrations ranging from 5 to 150 nM. After 1 h incubation at 37°C, the samples were loaded on a Hybond ECL nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare) and soaked in wash buffer containing 20 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.5 and 250 mM NaCl. The protein-bound ASOs were transferred to the membrane by applying a vacuum in a 96-well Bio-Rad Bio-Dot apparatus. After washing, the membranes were then air-dried and scanned using a PhosphorImager (GE Healthcare). The signal intensity was quantified using ImageJ, fitted as Hill Slope and the Kds were calculated using Prism.
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3

Chromatin-associated RNA Profiling after EGF Stimulation

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The cells were maintained in 0.5% FBS-containing medium for 48 h and then subjected to EGF stimulation for 20 min by adding 100 ng/mL EGF (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PHG0311L). For inhibitor treatment, the cells were incubated in medium containing 1 µM vemurafenib, 200 nM PD0325901, or 1 µM SCH772984 for 3 h before collection. The chromatin-associated RNA fraction was prepared as described previously (Lai et al. 2015 (link)). To prepare the samples for ChIP, the cells were fixed with 1% formaldehyde for 10 min in a culture dish followed by incubation in 0.125 M glycine at room temperature to halt the fixation. The cells were washed, scraped, and pelleted in cold PBS. ChIP was performed as described previously (Lai et al. 2015 (link)).
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4

Cell Culture Protocols for MCF10A, MCF7, T47D, 293T, and CHO Cells

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MCF10A/MCF10AT cells were maintained in DMEM/F12 HEPES (11330032, ThermoFisher Scientific), supplemented with following additives at the given final concentration from the indicated sources: horse serum (5%, S1215OH, Atlanta Biologicals), hydrocortisone (0.5 mg/mL, H0888, Sigma-Aldrich), cholera toxin (100 ng/mL, C8052, Sigma-Aldrich), insulin (10 µg/mL, I0516, Sigma-Aldrich), penicillin/streptomycin (1%, 15140–122, ThermoFisher Scientific), and EGF (20 ng/mL, PHG0311L, ThermoFisher Scientific). MCF7/T47D/293 T cells were maintained in DMEM (21041025, ThermoFisher Scientific), supplemented fetal bovine serum (FBS; 10%, MT35011CV, Corning) and penicillin/streptomycin (1%, 15140–122, ThermoFisher Scientific). CHO cells were grown in Ham’s F-12K (Kaighn’s) Medium (21127022, ThermoFisher Scientific), with FBS (10%, MT35011CV, Corning) and penicillin/streptomycin (1%, 15140–122, ThermoFisher Scientific). For all serum-starvation studies, DMEM/F-12, no phenol red (21041025, ThermoFisher Scientific) was supplemented with bovine serum albumin (0.1%, 10735078001, Sigma-Aldrich). All cell lines were purchased through ATCC.
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5

Wound Healing Migration Assay

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HCT116 cells were plated at 1.25×106 cells in 2mL medium in a 6-well plate and allowed to adhere overnight and reach 90% confluency. Cells were scratched using a sterile 10μL pipette tip down the middle of the well to create a “wound”. Scratched cells were washed gently with PBS before being stimulated with a final concentration of 100ng/mL of EGF (Invitrogen # PHG0311L) and immediately treated with either 1.5μM 20-223 or DMSO control. Directly after the start of treatment, cells were taken to the live cell imaging facility where they were imaged every 15 minutes over a 36 hour time course (only the first 24 hours were considered for migration purposes). Migration assays were performed in triplicate (n=3).
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6

Tumor Sphere Formation Assay

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EAC cell lines were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 2% B-27 serum-free supplement (17604-044; Invitrogen), 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (PHG0311L; Invitrogen), and 20 ng/mL basic fibroblastic growth factor (PHG0266; Invitrogen) for 14 days. Resulting tumor spheres were examined and counted under the microscope. The tumor spheres were collected for further qRT-PCR analysis to test the effect of hit-to-lead compounds on the stem-like target genes.
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7

Notch Inhibition and Macrophage Co-culture in Aortic SMCs

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Human aortic SMCs (HaSMCs; CC-2571, P5-7, Lonza) were subjected to Notch inhibition through either direct treatment with DAPT or co-cultured with peritoneal macrophages which were pretreated with DAPT for 48 h. HaSMCs were grown in DMEM medium (10569-010; Gibco) containing 10% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 4 µg/ml rH Insulin (12585-014; Fisher Scientific), 5 ng/ml recombinant human EGF (PHG0311L; Invitrogen) and 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid (A4544-25G; Sigma)15 (link). Peritoneal macrophages were obtained as described58 (link). Cell suspension was centrifuged at 4 °C at 2000 rpm for 5 min. Peritoneal macrophages were co-cultured with HaSMCs for 48 h in plain DMEM media. Culture media was processed for gelatin zymography and cells were processed for qRT-PCR analysis.
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8

Breast Cancer Cell Line Sensitivity Screening

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We used following cell lines. CAMA-1 (ATCC® HTB-21) is a luminal-type human breast cancer cell line79 (link),80 (link). HCC-38 (ATCC® CRL-2314) is a human mammary gland-derived breast cancer cell line81 (link). MDA-MB-361 (ATCC® HTB-27) is a human breast adenocarcinoma-derived cancer cell line82 (link).
CAMA-1 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 growth media (Invitrogen 11875–119) supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen 16000–044), 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Invitrogen 15140–122), 5 μg/ml bovine insulin (Akron Biotech AK8213–0100) and 10 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor (Invitrogen PHG0311L). Cells were plated in 96-well plates at 25 × 104 cells/ml and allowed to grow overnight. After 24 hours, compounds were added at 9, 3x dilutions from 100 μM final concentration in growth media. MDA-MB-361 and HCC-38 cells were maintained in growth media: DMEM/F12 (Invitrogen 11320–033) supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen 16000–044) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Invitrogen 15140–122). MDA-MB-361 cells were plated in 96-well plates at 50 × 104 cells/ml. HCC38 cells were plated at 25 × 104 cells/ml. After 24 hours, compounds were added at 9, 3x dilutions from 100 μM final concentration in growth media.
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9

Isolation of Tumor Spheres for CSC Analysis

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To obtain tumor spheres, cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 2% B-27 serum-free supplement (17504-044; Invitrogen), 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF; PHG0311L; Invitrogen), and 20 ng/ml basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF; PHG0266; Invitrogen) for 14 days to select for CSCs and early progenitor cells. Resulting tumor spheres were examined and counted under the microscope.
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10

Tumor Sphere Culture for CSC Enrichment

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To obtain tumor spheres, cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 2% B-27 serum-free supplement (17504–044; Invitrogen), 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF; PHG0311L; Invitrogen), and 20 ng/ml basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF; PHG0266; Invitrogen) for 14 days to select for CSCs and early progenitor cells. Resulting tumor spheres were examined and counted under the microscope.
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