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5 protocols using manganese dioxide

1

Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation of Carrot and Blueberry Blends

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Carrot and blueberry samples were purchased from a local supermarket. Five home‐use blenders, including Nutribullet 600, Nutribullet Pro 900, Nutribullet RX, Vitamix 5200 and Oster Versa 1400 were gifted from Capital Brans, LLC., Los Angeles, California.
ABTS chromophore, diammonium salt, iron (III) chloride, fluorescein (FL), 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐poicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), tretrazolium blue (NBT), xanthine oxidase (XOD), hypoxanthine (HPX), manganese dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, Folin‐Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, sodium carbonate, gallic acid, β‐carotene, malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were analytical grade and purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). HPLC grade water, methanol, acetonitrile, and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, Ontario) or Caledon (Georgetown, Ontario). The majority of chemical reagents, including manganese dioxide, sodium borohydride, phosphorous tribromide, sulfur-trioxide-triethylamine complex, triethylamine, pyridine, 4-bromobutyric acid, 1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N′,N′-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), N-hydroxysuccimide (NHS), and methylcellulose were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise noted. Silica (silica 60, 70 − 230 mesh) was obtained from Chromatographic Specialties (Brockville, Ontario). Trimethoprim was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, Massachusetts). POLYGRAM MN 300 CEL cellulose thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were products of Macherey-Nagel (Dueren, Germany).
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3

Biogenic Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and manganese dioxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (>99% purity). The metal oxides NPs were synthesized with slight modifications according to Rajabairavi et al. (2017) (link). Briefly, 100 ml of 5 × 108 CFU/ml of the cell-free supernatant of P. polymyxa strain Sx3 (Figure 1B) gotten through double filter by using 0.22 μm millipore filter and 100 ml each of ZnO, MgO, and MnO2 (1 mM) were mixed in their respective flasks. The flask containing the mixture was placed on the magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 24 h. The synthesized ZnO, MnO2, and MgO nanoparticles were purified by centrifuging at 10,000 g for 20 min, followed by repetitive centrifugation after resuspending the pellets in double-distilled water. The collected pellets were freeze-dried using Alpha 1–2 LDplus (Model number: 101521, Fisher scientific, United States) and used for further characterization.
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4

Trace Metal Preparation Protocol

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Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), magnesium chloride anhydrous (MgCl2), manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O), iron(II) chloride anhydrous (FeCl2), cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O), nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O), ammonium oxalate monohydrate [(NH4)2C2O4·H2O], and manganese dioxide (MnO2) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized ultrapure water with a resistivity of 18.2 megohm⋅cm was used for all experiments.
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5

Synthesis of Insulin-Like Peptide

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Acetovanillone, tert-butylbromoacetate, 70% nitric acid, hydrazine monohydrate, manganese dioxide, Sigmacote, cyclododecylamine 97% and human recombinant insulin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Acetone, acetonitrile, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, trifluoroacetic acid, 1N hydrochloric acid, acetic anhydride, sodium bicarbonate, 50% glutaraldehyde solution, Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 and Crocein Scarlet 3B were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Chemmatrix Rink amide resin was purchased from Protein Technologies. Piperidine, HATU, DIEA, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH were purchased from Chem-Impex International Ltd. 10X IEF cathode buffer, 10X IEF anode buffer, IEF standards (pI 4.45–9.6) IEF sample loading buffer, pH 3–10 Criterion IEF gels were purchased from Bio-Rad. Peptide synthesizers and reaction vessels were siliconized by treating with Sigmacote for 5–10 minutes and, washed with Acetone and dried before carrying out reactions on solid phase.
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