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6 protocols using mouse igg2b

1

Macrophage Differentiation and Stimulation

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Human recombinant M-CSF (R&D Systems) was used for differentiation of blood monocytes into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Human recombinant IFN-β (BD Biosciences) and IFN-γ (BD Biosciences) were used for macrophage stimulations at the concentrations indicated. Anti-IFNAR antibody (PBL Assay Science) and corresponding isotype antibody mouse IgG2a (BioLegend) were used for neutralization experiments. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed with NUPR1 antibody (Abbexa), corresponding isotype antibody mouse IgG2b (Sigma), CD3 antibody (BD Pharmingen) and Biotinylated horse anti-mouse IgG (Vector).
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cells

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Cells were fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde for 15–25 min at room temperature. After blocking in blocking buffer (PBS containing 5 FBS and 0.3 % Triton X-100), the cells were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The cells were then rinsed with PBS three times and incubated with Alexa 488-, Alexa 555-, or Alexa 647-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo) for 1 h at room temperature. Nuclei were stained with 10 μg/ml Hoechst 33258 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). The cells were then rinsed with PBS three times, mounted on slides and examined using a universal fluorescence microscope (Axiophoto, Carl Zeiss, Germany) or confocal laser-scanning microscope (LSM700, Carl Zeiss, Germany). The primary antibodies used in these analyses were as follows: HB9 (mouse IgG1, 1:200, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank [DSHB], USA), ISL-1 (mouse IgG2a, 1:200, DSHB, USA), βIII-Tubulin (mouse IgG2b, 1:4000, Sigma-Aldrich, USA or rabbit IgG, 1:4000, Biolegend, USA), ChAT (goat IgG, 1:200, Millipore, USA), GFP (rabbit IgG, 1:200, MBL, USA), and MyHC (mouse IgG2b, 1:200, DSHB, USA). For the observation of n-AChR clusterization, Alexa fluor 555-conjugated α-Bungarotoxin, (1 μg/mL, Invitrogen, USA) was added to samples and incubated for 1 h.
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3

Claudin Expression and Therapeutic Effect

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Example 5

CLDN3, 4, 6 and 9 expression was tested by immunoblot analysis in NEC8 cells. The testicular germ cell tumor cell line NEC8 only showed expression of CLDN6 (left panel) but not of CLDN3, 4 or 9, respectively (right panels); see FIG. 15. The specificities of the anti-CLDN3, 4 and 9 antibodies used were tested by Western blot using HEK293T cells transiently transfected with expression vectors encoding for the corresponding human claudin.

CLDN6 surface expression on NEC8 cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The commercially available anti-CLDN6 antibody (R&D Systems, MAB3656) detected expression of CLDN6 on NEC8 cells; see FIG. 16. Mouse IgG2b (Sigma, CRL M8894) was used as an isotype control.

The therapeutic effect of muMAB 5F2D2 in an early treatment xenograft model using mice engrafted with the tumor cell line NEC8 was tested. Compared to the saline control group muMAB 5F2D2 showed specific and strong tumor growth inhibition in mice engrafted with NEC8 cells that endogenously express human CLDN6; see FIG. 17. The Kruskal-Wallis test shows that tumor volumes were reduced at day 21 and 42 after treatment with muMAB 5F2D2; see FIG. 18.

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4

Quantification and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

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MPs were purified from treated cell supernatants as described above. After suspension of MPs in PBS, the MP numbers were quantitated by flow cytometry as described above. For experiments to digest DNA, MPs were treated with recombinant DNase I (rDNase; 10U rDNase / 4×106 MPs; Life Technologies) for 60 min at 37°C. After this treatment, the MPs were transferred to flow cytometry tubes at an MP density of 2×105/tube. To assess HMGB1 content, samples were stained with a Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated mouse anti-human HMGB1 antibody (2ul/tube; monoclonal antibody directed to residues 2–215, R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN) or a PE-conjugated mouse IgG2b (R&D Systems) for 60min at 20°C. To assess DNA, MPs were stained with a mouse monoclonal anti-dsDNA antibody (clone 163p.132; 4ug/tube; a kind gift from Dr. Tony Marion) or a mouse IgG2b (isotype control; 4ug/tube; Sigma-Aldrich). After this step, MPs treated with either anti-DNA or isotype control were incubated with a F(ab')2 sheep anti-mouse IgG PE (Sigma-Aldrich) for 30min at 20°C in the dark. The samples were then analyzed by flow cytometry.
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5

Quantitative Analysis of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Internalization

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After expressing Flag-β2AR, PKA mutant β2AR or GRK mutant β2AR, H9c2 cardiac myoblasts and MEFs were serum-starved for 24h and stimulated with isoproterenol (10 μM, 5min) or insulin (100 nM, 10 min) to examine receptor internalization. Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with anti-flag antibody (mouse IgG2b, Sigma, MO), which was revealed with an Alexa-fluor-488 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG2b antibody (Life technologies, CA). Fluorescence images were taken with a CCD camera on a Zeiss microscope with Meta morph software (Molecular Devices, CA). Images were quantified with Image J-based Fiji open source image-processing package as described previously [16 (link)]. Briefly, images were rotated to enable optimal selection of areas across the cell body. Plot profile analysis was applied to selected regions for measure of fluorescence intensity. Average of cytosolic fluorescence intensity (CFI) of β2AR staining was divided by that of membrane fluorescence intensity (MFI) for analysis of β2AR internalization. The ratio of CFI/MFI after stimulation was normalized against the ratio of CFI/MFI at resting state.
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6

Antibody-mediated Cell Cytotoxicity Assay

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Cells in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS (2x104 cells/well) were plated in 96-well plates., and incubated for 5 h at 37°C with either anti-HER2 antibodies or control IgG (mouse IgG2b) (Sigma-Aldrich Corp.) and 10% of rabbit complement (Low-Tox-M Rabbit Complement) (Cedarlane Laboratories). To assess cell viability, an MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium; inner salt] assay was performed using a CellTiter 96 AQueous assay kit (Promega).
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