Ammonium hydroxide

Dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), chloroform (CHCl₃, 99.94%), tetrahydrofuran (THF) (C₄H₈O, 99.94%) and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, 24.06%) were received from Lach-Ner s.r.o., Neratovice, Czech Republic. α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (C₄H₆Br₂O, >98.0%), 3-thiopheneethanol (C₆H₈OS, 98.0%) and N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) (C₉H₂₃N₃, >99.0%) were recieved from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan. Nitromethane (CH₃NO₂, 98+%), copper(I) bromide (CuBr, 98%), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL, [CH₃(CH₂)₃]₂Sn[O₂C(CH₂)₁₀CH₃], iron(III) chloride, anhydrous (FeCl₃, 98%) and ethyl isocyanate (C₃H₅NO, 98%) were received from Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA. Triethylamine (C₆H₁₅N, 99%), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT, 99.0%) silica gel (SiO₂) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (C₅H₈O₃, 97%) were received from Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄, 99.4%) was received from VWR Chemicals, Leuven, Belgium. Acetone (C₃H₆O, 98.0%) and ethanol (C₂H₅OH, 96.0%) were received from Gram-mol, Zagreb, Croatia. Methanol (CH₃OH, 99.9%) was received from Carlo Erba Reagents, Val-de-Reuil, France and diethyl eter (C₄H₁₀O) was received from Macron Fine Chemicals, Radnor, PA, USA. All the solvents were used as received.

Chemicals used in this study included: Abacavir Sulfate (CAS 188062-50-2) ≥ 99.0% purity (Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands), Acetonitrile LC-MS grade (Honeywell, Offenbach am Main, Germany), ammonium acetate purity grade ≥ 98.0% (Sigma-Aldrich, The Netherlands), acetic acid 100% purity for LC-MS (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), ammonium hydroxide 25% p.a. purity (Lach-Ner s.r.o., Neratovice, Czech Republic), hydrogen peroxide 30% p.a. purity (Lach-Ner s.r.o., Czech Republic), silver nitrate purity ≥ 99.0% (Lach-Ner s.r.o., Czech Republic), and sulphuric acid purity 96% (Penta, Prague, Czech Republic). Water was used for UHPLC/MS (Honeywell, Germany). Water for experiments was obtained by purifying demineralized water using an ELGA purification instrument (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland).

FeCl₂·4H₂O, FeCl₃·6H₂O, benzene-1,4-diol (hydroquinone), benzene-1,3,5-triol (phloroglucinol), Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, precursor chitosan (highly viscous) from crab shells, heparin sodium salt (Hep) from porcine intestinal mucosa, hydrochloric acid, ammonium persulfate, potassium thiocyanate, hydrogen peroxide, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Ammonium hydroxide (30%) and glacial acetic acid were obtained from Lach-Ner (Neratovice, Czech Republic). Sodium carbonate was purchased from Lachema (Neratovice, Czech Republic). 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid) was purchased from Loba Feinchemie (Fischamend, Austria). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, minimum essential medium Eagle, sodium pyruvate, antibiotic-antimycotic solution (penicillin/streptomycin/amphotericin B), and 6-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum and donor equine serum were purchased from HyClone Laboratories (Logan, UT, USA). All chemicals were used as received. Ultrapure water (Q-water), obtained using a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore; Molsheim, France), was used during the synthesis and modification of the magnetic nanoparticles.