208hr high resolution sputter coater

The SEM images of the nonwovens were acquired by the Zeiss LEO 1530 (Gemini, Germany) scanning electron microscope equipped with a field emission cathode and a secondary electron (SE2) and an Inlens detector. An acceleration voltage of 3 kV and a working distance between 5 and 6 mm were used. Before the measurement, the nonwoven samples were cut into small pieces and attached to a sample holder with conductive double-sided tape. The samples were subsequently sputter-coated with a 2.0-nm platinum layer by a Cressington 208HR high-resolution sputter coater, equipped with a quartz crystal microbalance thickness controller (MTM˗20). From 50-diameter measurements with the software ImageJ, an average value and the standard deviation of the fiber diameter were calculated.

Spherical latex particles based on polystyrene (2% cross-linked) with diameter (2.00 ± 0.05) μm, i.e., size polydispersity 2.5%, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Pt-half-coated particles were produced through physical vapor deposition^{46 (link),47 (link)} as follows: particles were spin coated from ethanol on glass slides at sub-monolayer concentrations and subsequently sputter coated from above with a (4.7 ± 0.2) nm Pt layer (Pt/Pd 80/20, MicrotoNano70-PPS708) using a standard sputter coating system (Cressington 208HR High Resolution Sputter Coater). The particles were redispersed in water by sonication and were subsequently washed and stored in water.

The growth of fungal mycelia and the degree of straw decay in solid fermentation samples inoculated with A. fumigatus Z5 spores for 4 days were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The rice straw in the solid fermentation sample was first collected, cut into a certain size with a sharp blade and washed [52 ], and then fixed with a fixing solution (2.5% glutaraldehyde), followed by dehydration using increasing concentrations of ethanol (from 20 to 98%, v/v) and acetone (from 30 to 90%, v/v); finally, the critical point dryer (HCP-2, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan) was used to critically dry the sample and a layer of nanometer thick Au/Pd alloy layer was sprayed using a Cressington 208 HR high-resolution sputter coater (Cressington, UK). Imaging can be performed using the Hitachi S-4800 FE-SEM (Hitachi, Japan) after sample preparation.

Morphological analyses of the PC-coated fabrics were carried out by scanning electron microscopy with an ultra-high resolution field emission gun (FEI NOVA 200 Nano SEM). Before all measurements, the PC-coated fabric samples were covered with a thin film of gold/palladium (80:20) in a 208HR high-resolution sputter coater (Cressington, Watford, UK) coupled to an MTM-20 high-resolution thickness controller (Cressington, Watford, UK).

Berry sections were mounted onto SEM stubs, dried, and sputter coated using a Cressington 208HR High Resolution Sputter Coater with 12 nm Au/Pd. The images were taken using a Hitachi S-4700 Field Emission scanning electron microscope with 5 kV acceleration voltage at 10 µA and a working distance of 15 mm at a tilt of 34°. For the developmental time course, only CT berries (one berry per time point) were analyzed. For the comparison between CT and WD berries, only samples collected at 113 DAA (late ripening) were analyzed. Three biological replicates (one berry per biological replicate) per treatment were imaged. For each sample analyzed, images were taken from at least three different areas of the berry surface.

Nanofibers
were prepared using an in-house-made electrospinning machine. After
solvent optimization, a 75:25 solvent mixture of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol
(TFE) and chloroform was used to dissolve poly(l-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC, kindly provided by Novus
Scientific AB, Sweden) (M_n ∼ 220
kg mol^–1) (10% w/v). A 5 mL syringe was filled with
the solution and then pumped (Harvard apparatus, USA) at a flow rate
of 5 mL h^–1 through a 22-gauge size at a voltage
of 15 kV. The 3D-printed PCLDX scaffolds were placed on a plate collector,
and nanofibers were collected onto the scaffolds for 5 min. The 3D
printed PCLDX scaffolds with nanofibers were splutter coated with
Pt:Pd using a Cressington 208HR High Resolution Sputter Coater with
a Pt:Pd target before micrographs of the nanofibers were taken with
a high field emission scanning electron microscope S-4800 (SEM) (Hitachi,
Japan) and then processed with ImageJ (NIH, USA.).