Curcumin

Lutein and Zeaxanthin (in the following denoted simply as lutein) in micellated formulation as well as the corresponding oil were obtained from Lipoid (Ludwigshafen, Germany), while lutein in powdered formulation was received from Divi’s Laboratories Europe AG (Basel, Switzerland). Analytical (all-E)-lutein and meso-zeaxanthin standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, LO, USA). Isoflavone in micellated formulation was obtained from Lipoid (Ludwigshafen, Germany), while the bulk isoflavone was retrieved from Frutarom (Londerzeel, Belgium). Analytical standards for the aglycones glycitein, daidzein and genistein as well as for the glycosylated forms (glycitin, daidzin, genistin) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Curcuma extract complexed with γ-cyclodextrin was obtained from Wacker Chemie (Munich, Germany), while pure curcuma extract was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, LO, USA) and analytical curcuminoid standards (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Black pepper extract was provided by Sabinsa Europe GmbH (Langen, Germany) and ginger extract was obtained from Vivatis Pharma (Hamburg, Germany).