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HSP60 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is a heat shock protein that functions as a molecular chaperone, assisting in the folding and assembly of other proteins within cells. The core function of HSP60 is to facilitate protein stability and prevent protein aggregation under various cellular conditions.

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7 protocols using hsp60

1

Quantifying Oxidative Stress Markers

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Antibodies to G6PDH (#8866), Transketolase (#8616), PHGDH (#13428), SHMT2 (#12762), Catalase (#12980), SOD1 (#4266), GPX1 (#3206), PRDX2 (#46855), GLUT1 (#12939), GLUT4 (#2213), GFAT1 (#3818), O-GlcNAc (#9875), Ribosomal protein L7a (#2415), Ribosomal protein S3 (#9538) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). Antibodies to HSP60 (#MA3-012), and ISPD (#PA5-25854) from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA); FKRP (#sc-374642), TALDO (#sc-365449) and ALDR (#sc-166918) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA); Anti-4HNE (#46545) from Abcam (Cambridge, MA) and; α-Dystroglycan (IIH6C4) (#05-593) from EMD Millipore (Burlington, MA). Amersham Protran 0.45 μM nitrocellulose membrane (#10600003) and ECL Prime western blotting detection reagent (#RPN2232) from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Germany). LI-COR Odyssey blocking buffer, IRDye 680RD Donkey anti-mouse (#926-68072) and, IRDye 800CW Donkey anti-rabbit (#926-32213) from LI-COR (Lincoln, NE). NADP/ NADPH Assay kit (#ab176724) from Abcam (Cambridge, MA) and OxyBlot Protein Oxidation Detection kit (#S7150) from Millipore Sigma (Darmstadt, Germany).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Chlamydia Infection

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HeLa cells were infected with C. trachomatis L2-wild type and L2-ΔCT228; at different time points during infection, cells were lysed with 2X Laemmli Sample Buffer (Biorad, Hercules, CA). Protein samples were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis (12 or 15% gel) and transferred to 0.2 um nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat dry milk/5% BSA in 1X Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST) for 1 h at room temperature. After blocking, membranes were incubated with primary antibodies diluted in 5% non-fat milk/5% BSA in 1X TBST at 4°C overnight followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti-rabbit/mouse antibodies (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA) for 1 h at room temperature. Detection was performed by enhanced chemiluminescence using SignalFire ECL reagents (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Immunoblot images were acquired using the Fluorchem E FE0622 system (ProteinSimple, San Jose, CA). Primary antibodies to MLC2 (Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA), p-MLC2 (S19) (ThermoFisher Scientific), HsP60 (ThermoFisher Scientific), GAPDH (Santa Cruz), and MYTP1 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA) were used herein.
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3

Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Activation by HSPs

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Monocytes were isolated by human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell Technologies, France). Isolated monocytes were cultured with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) (Immunotools, Germany), 50 ng/mL of each in RPMI complete media. At day 3, half of the media was replaced with fresh RPMI complete media with granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and IL‐4. At day 6, 2×106/mL cells were cultured with or without HSP60 (MyBiosource) or HSP90 (HSPß90, Sigma Aldrich, MO) at the concentrations described. Cells were collected after 24 hours and analyzed with >90% cell viability. DC stained with CD11C‐PE, CD86‐Percp/Cy5.5, CD83‐APC, CD40‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (BD Bioscience), and HLA‐II‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (Biolegend) antibodies.
The endotoxin concentration in HSP60 was checked by LAL Chromogenic Endotoxin Quantitation Kit (Thermofisher Scientific, IL). The level of endotoxin in the HSP60 was ≤1 EU/mg, according to manufacturer information, which is equal to ≤0.1 ng/mg. Our working concentration 5 μg/mL of HSP60 contains ≤0.0005 ng endotoxin. A similar concentration of endotoxin was determined in HSP90.
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4

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody and Biomarker Measurement

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The level of S-protein was measured using commercial kits (RayBiotech, Stanford, CA, USA). The IgM, IgG, and IgA levels against proteins S and N were measured using commercially available kits (RayBiotech, Stanford, CA, USA) per manufacturer information [35 (link)]. In addition, commercial enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to measure heat shock protein-60 (Hsp-60) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and high mobility box-1 protein (HMGB-1) (Aviva, Auburn, MA, USA) to assess the level of cellular destruction and release of DAMPs [66 (link),67 (link)].
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5

Mitochondrial Protein Analysis by Western Blot

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Proteins were analyzed on a 12% SDS-PAGE, blotted to a nitrocellulose membrane
and decorated with appropriate antibodies that were detected by chemo-luminescence
using the ImageQuant (LAS4000) system. The following antibodies were used: LACTB2
(Sigma HPA044391 or Thermo Scientific PA5–32043), CPSF3L (Sigma HPA029025),
GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology FL-335), Tom 20 (Thermo Scientific PA5 39247), HSP60
(Thermo Scientific PA5–12484), PNPase (Thermo Scientific PA5–22396),
CYT C (Santa Cruz Biotechnology H-104) and subunit V of the ATP-synthase (60 (link)).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of NadA Protein

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Cells were disrupted by resuspension in 1× sodium dodecyl sulfate loading buffer. The protein concentration was determined by use of a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer. Cell lysates (50 μg) were subjected to electrophoresis in 10% polyacrylamide gels and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Membranes were blocked overnight in TBST-milk (20 mM Tris, pH 8, 140 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, 5% milk) and probed with NadA-specific antiserum diluted in TBST-milk for 2 h. Membranes were washed in TBST and probed with a 1:2,000 dilution of a goat anti-rabbit IgG–horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Bound antibodies were visualized by use of an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Biological Industries) and photographic film. Bands were quantified via Fiji (v1.49) and normalized relative to that for an Hsp60 (MA3-022; Thermo Scientific) loading control.
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of gC1qR, TOM22, and Caspase-1

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Immunohistochemical techniques were performed according to standard protocols. Briefly, paraformaldehyde-fixed and de-paraffinized tissue slides were stained with an anti-human gC1qR antibody (clone 60.11 or clone EPR8771; both from Abcam), an anti-human TOM22 antibody (#WH0056993M1, Sigma-Aldrich), an anti-human Caspase-1 antibody (#2225, Cell Signaling Technology) or with respective isotype control antibodies, washed, and incubated with respective HRP-conjugated IgG secondary Abs. Afterwards, tissue slides were incubated with DAB substrate (Dako) and counterstained with Mayer's hemalum solution. In the case of immunofluorescence analyses, slides were incubated with primary antibodies specific for human gC1qR (clone EPR8871; Abcam), HSP60 (#sc-13115; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA) or an irrelevant antigen, washed, and incubated with respective fluorochrome-labeled IgG secondary Abs (HSP60: Alexa-Fluor 488 nm; gC1qR: Alexa-Fluor 594 nm; both from ThermoFisher Scientific). Afterwards, slides were counterstained with DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich).
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