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Epichlorohydrin ech

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany

Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is a versatile chemical compound used in the production of various industrial products. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. ECH is primarily utilized as a key intermediate in the manufacturing of epoxy resins, which are widely used in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials. Additionally, it serves as a precursor for the production of glycerol and other important chemicals. ECH exhibits valuable chemical properties that make it a crucial component in numerous industrial applications.

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9 protocols using epichlorohydrin ech

1

Synthesis of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels

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Monomers: acrylic acid (AA) (purity 99%) and methacrylic acid (MAA) (purity 99%) (Sigma-Aldrich; Rockville, MD, USA). Linear polymers: poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP) and poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (P2M5VP) (Reakhim; Moscow, Russia). Crosslinkers: N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) (purity 99.0%) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) (purity 99.0%) (Sigma-Aldrich; Rockville, MD, USA). Initiator: potassium persulfate (purity ≥ 99.0%) (Reakhim; Moscow, Russia). Solvent: dimethylformamide (DMF) (purity ≥ 99.0%) (Reakhim; Moscow, Russia). Salt: lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (purity 99.9%) (Reakhim; Moscow, Russia).
Preliminary step: before using the monomers, AA and MAA underwent vacuum distillation for purification from MEHQ inhibitor.
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2

Antimicrobial Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization

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Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA, having an average particle size of 51 μm, and its density is 0.6 g/mL; carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (Na-CMC) was resourced from Sigma Aldrich (USA) with a molecular weight of 90,000 g/mol; epichlorohydrin (ECH) (1.18 g/mL) with purity ≥ 99% was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); chlorhexidine purity greater than 99.5% CAS number 55-65-1 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ACS reagent with purity of ≥98% pellet was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
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3

Mica-Chitin Composite Synthesis

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Natural mica, i.e., muscovite, was obtained
from Kaatiala, Finland (quartz as minor impurity). The mica rock was
crushed and sieved to around 1 mm in TU-Clausthal, Germany. Raw chitin
powder originating from shrimp shells was used without further treatment
(Sigma-Aldrich; Germany). Potassium hydroxide (KOH), urea, epichlorohydrin
(ECH), and lithium chloride (LiCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Germany), and glycerol (99.5%) was obtained from VWR (Germany). All
reagents were used as received. Deionized (DI) water was used throughout
the experiments.
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4

Cellulose-based Polymer Synthesis

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The cellulose used was Sigmacell Cellulose powder, Type 20 (average particle length 20 µm), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium Hydroxide (purity 97%) was purchased in pellet form from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Urea (ACS grade), and Epichlorohydrin (ECH) (purity 98%) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used as-received.
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5

Purification of Chemical Reagents

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All chemical reagents and solvents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany), Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain) and Eurisotop (Saint-Aubin, France). Tetrahydrofuran (THF, ≥99.9% (GC), Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain) was dried using a drying agent (calcium hydride, CaH2, 95%, Aldrich, Munich, Germany), degassed by three freeze-degas-thaw cycles and distillated under reduced pressure at 323 K. (±)-Epichlorohydrin (ECH, ≥99% (GC), Sigma Aldrich) was purified by distillation following the same procedure explained before for the purification of THF. The purification of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3, 95%, Sigma Aldrich) was performed by sublimation under reduced pressure at 333 K using a cold finger condenser. Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2, anhydrous, Sigma Aldrich) was degassed by bubbling Argon for 30 min prior to use. (+)-Sodium l-ascorbate (BioXtra, ≥99% (NT), Sigma Aldrich), N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, 99%, Sigma Aldrich), Propargyl ether (98%, Sigma Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, ≥99.8%, Scharlab), sodium azide (NaN3, ≥99.5%, Sigma Aldrich), and methanol (MeOH, ≥99.9%, Scharlab) were used as received. Copper (I) bromide (CuBr, 98%, extra pure, Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) was purified following the Keller and Wycoff method [16 (link)].
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6

Synthesis of tert-Butyl Glycidyl Ether

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tert-Butyl glycidyl ether
(tBGE, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) and epichlorohydrin (ECH,
99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were dried over CaH2 (93%, Thermofisher)
for 24 h under a N2 atmosphere and distilled before use.
2,2-Dipyrazol-1-yl-ethanamine (pz-NH2) was synthesized
following the procedure of Reger et al.62 (link) All other chemicals were obtained from commercial sources and were
used without further purification.
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7

Synthesis and Functionalization of Azido-Terminated Polyurethane

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To synthesize azido TPU, epichlorohydrin (ECH) (≥99%), boron trifluoride THF complex (>99.5%), dibutyltin dilaurate (95%), and MDI (98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich chemical Co. Methylene chloride (MC) (99.5%), THF (99.5%), N, Nʹ-dimethylformamide (DMF) (99%), and sodium azide (99%) were purchased from SAMCHUN Chemical Co. To fabricate spiropyran (SP) including alkyne group, 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran (>93.0%) was purchased from TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.). propionic acid (95%), DCC (99%) and 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) (≥99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. For the click reaction between azido-TPU and spiropyran, copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (99.0%) and sodium ascorbate (98%), which act as catalysts, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich chemical Co.
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8

Functionalization of Agarose Beads

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All solutions were prepared with deionized water (18.2 MV-cm, Thermo Scientific). 4% non-crosslinked agarose beads (20–50 μm in size) preserved in 20 % ethanol was purchased from Agarose Bead Technologies. The following reagents were used as received: 2-propanol (IPA) (≥99.5%; Sigma-Aldrich), ethanol (100%, Decon Laboratories Inc.), Fluorinert® FC-40 (3M), epichlorohydrin (ECH, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium borohydride solution (12% Wt. NaBH4 in 14 M NaOH solution, Sigma-Aldrich).
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of PVDF-PAMAM Composites

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Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [Kynar 761] was provided by Arkema (King of Prussia, PA, USA). G0-NH 2 and G1-NH 2 PAMAM dendrimers were purchased as methanol solutions (~34 wt%) from Dendritech Inc, USA. Table S1 lists selected physical-chemical properties of the PAMAM dendrimers. Epichlorohydrin (ECH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Triethyl phosphate (TEP), ethanol and nitric acid (60 wt% HNO 3 ) were purchased from Daejung Chemicals (South Korea). Hydrochloric acid (12 M HCl) was purchased from Junsei (South Korea). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH pellets) and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate (ACS purus grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A standard solution of copper (Cu) [10 mg/L in 5wt% HNO 3 ] (Multi-element calibration standard-2A) was purchased from Agilent Technologies. All chemicals were used as received. All aqueous solutions were prepared using Milli-Q deionized water (DIW) with a resistivity of 18.2MΩcm and total organic content < 5 ppb.
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