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10 protocols using potassium dihydrogen phosphate

1

Olanzapine Tablet and Suppository Formulations

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Zyprexa® tablets 2.5 mg (containing 2.5 mg olanzapine) were purchased from Eli Lilly Japan K. K. (Hyogo, Japan). Witepsol H-15, S-5, and E-75 suppository molds (2.25 cm3) were purchased from Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). olanzapine, perchloric acid (60 %), 10 % ammonia solution, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 1 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Tetramethylammonium perchlorate was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnTPPS Photosensitizer

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Tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid hydrate (TPPS) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) were purchased from TCI Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 25, K-30 and K-90), methyl viologen hydrate, potassium dihydrogenphosphate, dipotassium hydrogenphosphate and ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (EDTA) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan. All the reagents and solvents were used as received without further purification. Zinc meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS) was prepared according to the method reported by Flamigni et al. [28 (link)].
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3

Starch Hydrolysis by α-Amylase

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Sodium hydroxide, potassium sodium tartrate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, and potassium dihydrogenphosphate were obtained from Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan. The 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1, 20 U mg−1, from Bacillus subtilis) and soluble starch (solubility 20 mg mL−1 at 25 °C, pH 4.0–6.0, from potato) were purchased from Wako, Osaka, Japan. All chemicals were of analytical-reagent grade, and were used as received
Starch stock solution (10 mg mL−1) and α-amylase stock solution (1 mg mL−1) were prepared by dissolving starch and α-amylase powders in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.90), respectively, and stored at 4 °C. The DNS reagent was prepared by dissolving 0.250 g 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and 75.0 g potassium sodium tartrate in 50 mL, 2 M NaOH solution, and diluted with de-ionized (DI) water to total volume 250 mL. Buffers and solutions were prepared with deionized water with conductivity < 1 μS cm−1.
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4

Fish Oil Enriched Noradrenaline Study

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DHA-enriched fish oil (DHA 25%, EPA 8%) was a gift from NOF Corporation (Tokyo, Japan) and EPA-enriched fish oil (EPA 28%, DHA 12%) was a gift from Nippon Suisan Kaisya, Ltd., (Tokyo, Japan). Noradrenaline (NA) and a-methyl-DL-tyrosine methyl ester hydrochloride (AMPT) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium dihydrogenphosphate, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide (DHBA), and sodium 1-octanesulphonate were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan).
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5

Quantification of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

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Dasatinib (98.44%), nilotinib (99.77%), and ponatinib (98.96%) were obtained from ChemScene; bosutinib (≥98%) was obtained from Cayman Chemical; HPLC‐grade acetonitrile was obtained from Merck KGaA; and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, HPLC‐grade methanol, and isopropanol were obtained from Nacalai Tesque. Pooled human serum was obtained from Cosmo Bio.
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6

Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Natural Compounds

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Dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, D,L-glyceraldehyde, human recombinant aldose reductase (HR-AR), AG, quercetin, critric acid monohydrate, natrium carbonicum, sodium azide, gelatin and sulphuric acid were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ethanol were supplied by Nacalai Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). Tween 20, bovine serum albumin, glucose, O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, phosphate buffered saline, fetal bovine serum (FBS), steroyl myristoyl phosphatidylcholine glycine (SMPC Gly), 3-(4, 5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromidetetrazolium salt (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich company, Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). NADPH was provided by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Anti-AGE antibody and goat anti-mouse IgG, HRP conjugate-secondary antibody Millipore (Merck U.S.A) were purchased from Transgenic Inc. (Hyogo, Japan). Silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates (Merck, U.S.A), silica gel 60 N (100–200 μm) and ODS were purchased from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). DMSO was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd (Japan). Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside was isolated from liquorice, and was identified by NMR and MS data [11 (link)].
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7

Osteoblast Differentiation of LS Cells

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The cells (4.5 × 104/cm2) were cultured in 6-well plates to confluence. For osteoblast differentiation, the cells were cultured in differentiation medium composed of the culture medium described above, supplemented with 1.8 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) and 10 nM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich). LS cells were differentiated in the presence or absence of 100 μM BZF (Sigma-Aldrich). The cells were differentiated for 4 weeks for examination by Alizarin Red-S staining, and for 1 week for other experiments. The medium was changed twice a week.
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8

Radiochemical Synthesis and Purification

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Acetate, chloroform, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, EDTA disodium salt, glucose-6-phosphate, magnesium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). β-NADP+ and glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were purchased from Oriental Yeast (Osaka, Japan). 125 I-IMZ was supplied by and 123 I-IMZ was purchased from Nihon Medi-Physics (Chiba, Japan). The radiochemical purity of 123 I-IMZ and 125 I-IMZ was more than 98 and 95%, respectively. All of the other reagents and chemicals were of analytical or high-performance liquid chromatography grade.
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9

Osteoblast Differentiation of SHED

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4.5 Â 10 4 /cm 2 cells were cultured in 6-well plates to confluence. To differentiate SHED into osteoblasts, the cells were cultured in differentiation medium, which was the culture medium described above supplemented with 1.8 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Nakarai tesque, Kyoto, Japan) and 10 nM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich). The medium was changed twice in a week.
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10

Electrochemiluminescence Assay Development

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Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride [Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ] hexahydrate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without further purification. Lidocaine was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. (Osaka, Japan). A standard stock solution (100 mM) was prepared in ultrapure water. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.1 M) was selected as a buffered solution because the chemical compounds did not affect the ECL reactions. The PBS was prepared by mixing known volumes and concentrations of disodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Kyoto, Japan). The pH was adjusted with phosphoric acid or an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Working standard solutions were prepared by precise dilution of the corresponding stock solution with PBS. All other reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp. Ultrapure water (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ) was obtained using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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