Dataphysicsoca35

The morphology of the silicone nanofilaments
and supraparticles was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (low
voltage LEO 1530 Gemini, Germany). The samples were sputter-coated
with a 5 nm layer of Pt using a BalTec MED 020 modular high-vacuum
coating system prior to avoid charging. Static and sliding angles
of 5 μL water and hexadecane droplets on the nanofilament-based
superamphiphobic surface were measured with a goniometer, Dataphysics
OCA35 (Data Physics Instruments GmbH, Germany). UV–vis adsorption
spectra were taken from a PerkinElmer Lambda 25 UV–vis spectrometer
with Suprasil QS 1 mm cuvettes. The water concentration in toluene
was evaluated using a Karl Fischer coulometer (Mettler Toledo C20
Compact KF coulometer). Optical micrographs were taken by an optical
microscope (Carl Zeiss Axiotech Vario 100HD). TEM images of TiO₂ nanoparticles with and without calcination were taken by
transmission electron microscopy (JEOL JEM-1400). Powder XRD measurement
was performed on a Bruker D8 ADVANCE Twin X-ray diffractometer with
Cu Kα radiation.

Surface wetting was investigated using
a DataPhysics OCA 35 goniometer (DataPhysics Instruments). Static
contact angles θ and sliding angles α were determined
with 10 μL drop volume. The data were collected from at least
three different positions on each sample. Advancing θ_a and receding θ_r contact angles were determined
by increasing and decreasing the drop volume between 10 and 25 μL
at the rate of 1 μL s^–1.