Cm300 electron microscope

Fluorescence spectra were recorded using a Carry eclipse fluorescence spectrometer (Varian company, Australia). The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra were obtained by UV-vis spectrophotometer WPA (Biochrom, UK). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image was collected by a Philips CM300 electron microscope. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed with an ESCALab220I-XL spectrometer (VG company, UK). The energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) studies were carried out using a Hitachi S-4160 instrument. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer nano ZS series dynamic light scattering (DLS) (Malvern, UK). Fluorescence images were obtained using an Olympus fluorescence microscope equipped with a blue filter. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra were recorded using a J-715 JASCO CD spectrometer (JASCO, Japan).

Bacteriophages were concentrated by centrifugation at 25,000 ×g for 60 minutes using a high-speed centrifuge. The purified phages were deposited on carbon-coated copper grids (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and stained with 2% uranyl acetate (pH=4-4.5). After staining, phages were observed using a Philips CM 300 electron microscope (Philips, USA) at 150 kV. ^{23 (link)
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