Nceo2

The cerium oxide nanopowders (nCeO₂) with an average particle size of 25 nm and 50 nm respectively were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). nCeO₂ have a density of 7.13 g mL⁻¹ at 25 °C and 99.95% of purity (81.25% of Ce). The suspensions were characterized for hydrodynamic diameter (Hd), Z–average size, relative polydispersity index (PDI), and ζ–potentials. The size and average shape were measured with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai F20, FEI Company, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). The nCeO₂ were suspended in deionized water and sonicated in a water bath for 60 min with a sonication intensity of 180 W cm⁻². The hydrodynamic diameter (Hd) and the Z–average size on nCeO₂ were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). ζ–potentials were quantified by laser Doppler velocimetry as the electrophoretic mobility, using a disposable electrophoretic cell (DTS1061, Malvern Ltd., Worcestershire, UK).

The nCeO₂ with an average particle size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). nCeO₂ has a density of 7.13 g mL⁻¹ at 25 °C and 99.95% purity (81.25% of Ce).
The cerium oxide nanoparticles were suspended in deionized water and sonicated in a water bath for 60 min with a sonication power of 180 watts. The suspensions were characterized for Z–average size and hydrodynamic diameter (Hd), whose distributions were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Ltd., Worcestershire, UK) and relative polydispersity index (PDI). ζ—potentials at pH 7.0 were quantified by laser Doppler velocimetry as the electrophoretic mobility, using a disposable electrophoretic cell (DTS1061, Malvern Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). The size and average shape were measured with transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI Tecnai F20, FEI Company, Eindhoven, The Netherlands).