CPC powder consisted of 100% alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) (CAM Bioceramics BV; Leiden, The Netherlands). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and used as the liquid phase for the cement preparation. PLGA (lactic:-glycolic acid ratio 50:50; molecular weight of 17 kDa; acid-terminated) was used (Corbion Purac, Gorinchem, The Netherlands) in the form of microparticles (mean particle size of approximately 60 μm). Sucrose was purchased from Merck (mean particle size of approximately 400 μm).
Purac
Manufactured by Corbion
Sourced in Uruguay, Netherlands
Purac is a line of lactic acid-based products manufactured by Corbion. Purac products are used as functional ingredients in various industries, including food, beverage, and pharmaceutical applications. The core function of Purac is to provide lactic acid and its derivatives as versatile components for formulations and processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quanta 600f, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Purelab option, by Elga LabWater (1 mentions)
Purasorb pdlg 7502, by Corbion (1 mentions)
Tfv d6, by LGC (1 mentions)
Pvp k 29 32, by Ashland (1 mentions)
Poly vinylpyrrolidone, by Ashland (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using purac
1
Calcium Phosphate Cement with PLGA and Sucrose
2
Lactic Acid Solution Preparation
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The lactic acid solutions were prepared by diluting a concentrated lactic acid solution (85% m/v) (PURAC®, Corbion, Montevideo, Uruguay) with sterilized distilled water to make 2.5%, 5.0% and 6.0% (m/v) lactic acid solution. Fresh solutions were prepared prior to each test.
3
Formulation and Characterization of Polymer-Based Drug Nanoparticles
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Poly(D, L-lactic acid) (PLA) (Purac®, molecular weight: 65 kDa) was provided by Corbion (Diemen, the Netherlands). Approximately 38 mg•mL -1 of PLA and 1.7 mg•mL -1 of PLA-Cyanine 7 (PLA-Cy7, synthesized as previously described [17] ) were dissolved in organic solvent (dichloromethane for DXM-NPPs and ethyl acetate for PH-NPPs) with a magnetic stirrer. Then, drug nanocrystals were suspended in the polymer solution at a concentration of 23.4 mg•mL -1 and immediately spray-dried to formulate NPPs using ProCept 4M8-TriX, protected from light by a nitrogen closedloop recirculation unit (ProCepT Processing Equipment, Zelzate, Belgium). The following processing parameters were used: M cyclone size; 20 % pump position; small (Ø 1.6 mm) tubing size for the peristatic pump; 80 °C temperature inlet; 0.4 m 3 •min -1 air flow; 0.6 mm nozzle size; round spray air cap; 5 L•min -1 nozzle flow; 40-50 mbar differential pressure cyclone; and 140 L•min -1 air carrier flow. The NPPs were collected, dried in an oven at 37 °C under vacuum, lyophilized for 2 days and stored at 4 °C with protection from light. Blank NPPs were formulated with the same method except that the mass of nanocrystals was replaced with PLA, which was then dissolved in dichloromethane.
4
Fabrication and Characterization of Biodegradable Vascular Grafts
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For this study, novel T-TEVGs (n = 20) were used (Stentit B.V., Eindhoven, the Netherlands). On a 1.4-mm mandrel, poly-l -lactic acid–based biomaterial (Corbion Purac, Gorinchem, the Netherlands) was processed into fibrous tubular conduits using conventional electrospinning technology, inside a climate-controlled electrospinning cabinet (IME Medical Electrospinning, Geldrop, the Netherlands). The resulting tube diameter, wall thickness, and averaged fiber diameter were evaluated using SEM (Quanta 600F, FEI, Hillsboro, Oregon). Prior to implantation, tubes were cut to size and sterilized using gradient alcohol series. Control samples (n = 9) were characterized upon inflation on maintained luminal area, wall thickness, and fiber morphology using SEM in combination with standard image-processing software (ImageJ version 1.52, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland).
5
TAF and TFV Characterization Protocol
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TAF (also known as GS-7340) was provided by Gilead Sciences, Inc. TAF and TFV and their stable isotopically labelled (SIL) internal standards (TFV-d6 and TAF-d5) were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (Canada). Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP K29-32; and PVP K90) was provided by Ashland (Kidderminster, UK). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA 9–10 kDa) and solvents methanol ≥99.9%, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF) inhibitor-free ≥ 99.9% and acetonitrile (ACN) ≥ 99.9% (all HPLC grade), ammonium acetate ≥98%, and Acetic acid ≥99.7% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA. Two different types of poly(d ,l -lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were used, a low viscosity PLGA, Purasorb® PDLG 7502 with a lactide:glycolide ratio of 75:25 and ester end (Purac®, Corbion, Netherlands) (LV-PLGA) and a high viscosity PLGA with a lactide:glycolide ratio of 75:25 and ester end (Viatel® DLG 7503 E) (HV-PLGA). Both PLGAs were a donation from Ashland (Kidderminster, UK). All other reagents used in this work were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Elga purified water was used in all cases (Purelab option® Elga LabWater, High Wycombe, UK).
6
Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-PLLA Macromers
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PEG-PLLA was synthesized by ring opening polymerization as described previously.18 (link),19 Briefly, d,l -lactide (Purac, Corbion) and PEG (Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich) were stirred at 160°C for 6 hours after adding stannous octoate as a catalyst under a nitrogen purge. The copolymer was dissolved in dichloromethane and then precipitated in cold ether, followed by filtering and drying steps. The polymer was then acrylated at both ends to obtain PEG-PLLA-DA as follows. Ten grams of PEG-PLLA was dissolved in 100 mL dichloromethane and cooled to 0°C in an ice bath. Triethylamine and acryloyl chloride were added at 4 times the molar ratio. The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 hours at 0°C and then for 12 hours at room temperature. The solution was filtered to remove salt and then filtered in a large excess of diethyl ether. The white macromer obtained from this step was analyzed with nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography.
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