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Ambroxol

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Sourced in United States, Germany

Ambroxol is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory conditions. It works by thinning and increasing the secretion of mucus in the respiratory tract, facilitating its clearance. Ambroxol is available in various pharmaceutical formulations for oral or inhalation administration.

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Lab products found in correlation

Theobromine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ova grade 5, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ne u07, by Omron (1 mentions) Phenol red, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Citric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lipopolysaccharide lps, by Merck Group (1 mentions) High glucose dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Begm bronchial epithelial cell growth medium, by Lonza (1 mentions) L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Co2 incubator, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Hepes, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Nahco3, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cell line, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Nebivolol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Primaquine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Amodiaquine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ctb alexa 488, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Cerezyme, by Sanofi (1 mentions) Isofagomine, by LGC (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Ambroxol hydrochloride (11 citations)

12 protocols using ambroxol

1

Ambroxol Treatment Effects on DA Neurons

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To examine the effects of ambroxol treatment, DA neurons derived from patient-specific iPSCs were grown in a complete medium containing 50 µM ambroxol (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) for 21 days. Each line of DA neurons was cultured in 3 wells of a 12-well plate with ambroxol and 3 wells without ambroxol (null point) with a daily change of the medium.
Grigor’eva E.V., Kopytova A.E., Yarkova E.S., Pavlova S.V., Sorogina D.A., Malakhova A.A., Malankhanova T.B., Baydakova G.V., Zakharova E.Y., Medvedev S.P., Pchelina S.N, & Zakian S.M. (2023). Biochemical Characteristics of iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons from N370S GBA Variant Carriers with and without Parkinson’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 4437.
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2

Ambroxol Modulates Allergic Airway Inflammation

Cited 1 time
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Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 20 µg of OVA (Grade V, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) emulsified in 2.0 mg alum (AlumImuject: Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA) in a total volume of 100 µl on days 1 and 14. Mice were challenged via the airways with OVA (1% in saline) for 20 min on days 28, 29, and 30 by ultrasonic nebulizer (model NE-U07, Omron Healthcare, Vernon Hills, IL, USA). Control mice received PBS as sham-sensitization followed by OVA aerosol challenges in the same fashion. To determine the effects of ambroxol on airway allergic inflammation and AHR, 10 mg/kg of ambroxol (Sigma) in 200 µl saline or saline alone as a vehicle control were administered twice a day i.p. after sensitization and beginning 2 days before through the 3 days of allergen challenges (Fig. 1A). In other experiments, as illustrated in Fig. 1B, ambroxol treatments were initiated after the last challenge and completed prior to the last day of study. The dose of ambroxol was chosen based on previous studies (21 (link)23 (link)) and preliminary studies.
Takeda K., Miyahara N., Matsubara S., Taube C., Kitamura K., Hirano A., Tanimoto M, & Gelfand E.W. (2016). Immunomodulatory Effects of Ambroxol on Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation. Immune Network, 16(3), 165-175.
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3

Ambroxol Application on Food

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Eighty microliters of 1 mM ambroxol (Sigma Aldrich, Rehovot, Israel) were poured on top of 10 mL food containing vials, which were kept at room temperature for at least 1 day.
Cabasso O., Paul S., Dorot O., Maor G., Krivoruk O., Pasmanik-Chor M., Mirzaian M., Ferraz M., Aerts J, & Horowitz M. (2019). Drosophila melanogaster Mutated in its GBA1b Ortholog Recapitulates Neuronopathic Gaucher Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(9), 1420.
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4

Fibroblast Chaperone Treatment Optimization

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Treatment of fibroblasts with ambroxol (5–60 μM; Sigma-Aldrich A9797) or isofagomine (D-tartate (50 μM; Cayman Chemical 16137) started when cells were 50% confluent in 10 cm plates. Fibroblasts were treated with vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) or respective chaperone on days 0, 2, and 4. Fibroblasts were harvested on day 6 by trypsinisation and washed once in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) prior to freezing.
Sanchez-Martinez A., Beavan M., Gegg M.E., Chau K.Y., Whitworth A.J, & Schapira A.H. (2016). Parkinson disease-linked GBA mutation effects reversed by molecular chaperones in human cell and fly models. Scientific Reports, 6, 31380.
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5

Identification and Characterization of Herbal Samples

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Dried leaf of HH and dried RC were purchased at the Kyung-dong herbal market in Seoul and were identified by Prof. Kang Ro Lee (Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea). The voucher specimens of HH and RC were preserved under the reference number SKKU-NPL 1226 and 1227 at the Herbarium of Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University. Ambroxol, phenol red, theobromine, and citric acid were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Song K.J., Shin Y.J., Lee K.R., Lee E.J., Suh Y.S, & Kim K.S. (2015). Expectorant and Antitussive Effect of Hedera helix and Rhizoma coptidis Extracts Mixture. Yonsei Medical Journal, 56(3), 819-824.
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6

Ambroxol treatment of haNCSC-derived neurons

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haNCSC-derived neuronal cultures were treated at day 40 of neuronal differentiation with ambroxol (A9797, Sigma-Aldrich) on alternate days for 6 days. ambroxol was dissolved in DMSO and further diluted in cell culture medium to give a final concentration of 60 μM. Controls were cultured with medium containing DMSO instead of ambroxol in DMSO. At day 6, the cells were washed twice with PBS prior to harvest. Cell pellets were frozen at −80°C for storage.
Yang S.Y., Beavan M., Chau K.Y., Taanman J.W, & Schapira A.H. (2017). A Human Neural Crest Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neuronal Model Recapitulates Biochemical Abnormalities in GBA1 Mutation Carriers. Stem Cell Reports, 8(3), 728-742.
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7

Murine Macrophage and Human Bronchial Cell Culture

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The Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cell line was purchased from ATCC (TIB-71) and maintained in Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle′s (DMEM) high glucose (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco®), 300 mg/L L-glutamine, 25 mM HEPES, and 25 mM NaHCO3 (Gibco) in a 5% humidified CO2 incubator at 37 °C (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Synatura was purchased from Seaha Healthcare (Korea). Theobromine, ambroxol, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
The BEAS-2B normal human bronchial epithelial cell line was purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). The flasks were pre-coated with 0.01 mg/mL fibronectin, 0.03 mg/mL bovine collagen type I, and 0.01 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth Medium (BEGM, Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) for 4 h to overnight. After coating, the container was washed with sterilized phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) twice.
Chae H.S., Kim S.Y., Pel P., Huh J., Joo S.W., Lim Y.Y., Park S.J., Lim J.L, & Chin Y.W. (2020). Standardized Extract of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae Ameliorates Coughing and Increases Expectoration of Phlegm. Molecules, 25(13), 3064.
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8

Vero E6 Cell Culture and Chemical Compounds

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Vero E6 cells were obtained from
American Type Culture Collection and were grown in minimal essential
media supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and 100 U/mL penicillin
and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Chemicals were obtained from compound
libraries and stock sourced from Prestwick Chemical Library (PCL;
Illkirch, France); MedChem Express Library (MCE; Monmouth Junction,
NJ, USA); SelleckChem (SLK; Houston, TX, USA); Spectrum (Microsource
Discovery systems; Gaylordsville, CT, USA); AdooQ Biosciences (Irvine,
CA, USA); LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA); Tocris Bioscience (Bristol,
United Kingdom); Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada).
Chemical purities ranged from 96% to 99%. Dilutions and dose response
concentrations of the chemicals were prepared by hand. The following
compounds were independently procured for confirmatory experiments:
ambroxol, N-monodesethyl amodiaquine, amodiaquine,
primaquine, and nebivolol (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA); zuclopenthixol
and remdesivir (MedChem Express Library (MCE; Monmouth Junction, NJ,
USA).
Bocci G., Bradfute S.B., Ye C., Garcia M.J., Parvathareddy J., Reichard W., Surendranathan S., Bansal S., Bologa C.G., Perkins D.J., Jonsson C.B., Sklar L.A, & Oprea T.I. (2020). Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19. ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, 3(6), 1278-1292.
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9

Ambroxol Promotes Optic Nerve Regeneration

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All experimental procedures were performed in compliance with animal protocols approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Boston Children’s Hospital. ONs from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were crushed as described previously (Park et al., 2008 (link)) just after intravitreal injection of 1 µl ambroxol (Sigma, 25 mg/ml in 5% Tween 80%-5% Polyethylen glycol 400 in water) or vehicle (5% Tween 80%-5% PEG 400 in water). A second intravitreal injection of ambroxol or vehicle was performed 7 days post-ON crush. Daily mice received 120 µl (25 mg/ml) ambroxol or vehicle intraperitoneally, i.e., from the day after the ON crush to the day prior to termination. For PTEN−/− animal experiments, P21 PTEN floxed mice received AAV2-Cre intraorbital injection. Then 2 weeks later we performed ON crush and the first ambroxol injection within the eye. We injected (intraperitoneally) ambroxol at 300 mg/kg for the first 5 days after the crush and then we injected 150 mg/kg. Mice were injected twice a day every day. Regenerating axons were traced by intravitreal injection of 1 µl CTB-Alexa-488 (1 µg/µl in PBS, Invitrogen) 2 days before termination.
Chandran V., Coppola G., Nawabi H., Omura T., Versano R., Huebner E.A., Zhang A., Costigan M., Yekkirala A., Barrett L., Blesch A., Michaelevski I., Davis-Turak J., Gao F., Langfelder P., Horvath S., He Z., Benowitz L., Fainzilber M., Tuszynski M., Woolf C.J, & Geschwind D.H. (2016). A Systems-Level Analysis of the Peripheral Nerve Intrinsic Axonal Growth Program. Neuron, 89(5), 956-970.
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10

Gaucher Disease hiPSC Macrophage Treatment

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GD hiPSC macrophages were incubated with the indicated concentrations of recombinant human GCase (Cerezyme®) (Genzyme, Cambridge, MA), isofagomine (Toronto Research Chemicals, Canada) or ambroxol (Sigma) for 3–6d. The treated macrophages were analyzed as described in the text. Cerezyme® was obtained from patient infusion remnants.
Panicker L.M., Miller D., Awad O., Bose V., Lun Y., Park T.S., Zambidis E.T., Sgambato J.A, & Feldman R.A. (2014). Gaucher iPSC-derived macrophages produce elevated levels of inflammatory mediators and serve as a new platform for therapeutic development. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 32(9), 2338-2349.
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