Acarbose

Manufactured by Yuanye Bio-Technology

Sourced in China

Acarbose is a laboratory product used to inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase enzymes. It functions by slowing the breakdown and absorption of complex carbohydrates, which can help regulate blood sugar levels.

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Lab products found in correlation

19 protocols using acarbose

Polysaccharide-Mediated α-Amylase Inhibition

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The α-amylase inhibition activity is measured according to
published research with small modifications.³⁶ Equal volumes (0.5 mL) of polysaccharide solutions (40.0, 20.0,
10.0, 5.0, and 2.5 mg/mL), α-amylase solution (14 U/mL) (Shanghai
Yuanye Bio-technology Co., Ltd.), and 2% starch solution (Shanghai
Yuanye Bio-technology Co., Ltd.) are mixed fully and co-incubated
at 37 °C for 10 min. Afterward, 1 mL of DNS solution (Shanghai
Yuanye Bio-technology Co., Ltd.) is added to terminate the reaction.
The aqueous solution was heated in boiling water for 10 min and cooled
in cold water for 5 min, and 25.0 mL of deionized water is added subsequently.
In the control group, the polysaccharide solution is replaced by an
equal volume of PBS solution (pH 7.2). In the background group, after
the reaction was terminated with DNS, the α-amylase solution
is added. In the blank group, the polysaccharide solutions in the
background group are replaced by equal volumes of PBS solution. Acarbose
(Shanghai Yuanye Bio-technology Co., Ltd.) (1.82 μg/mL) was
used as a positive control.
The absorbance is measured at a
wavelength of 540 nm, and the inhibition rate is calculated using
the following equation:

Liu S., Chen L., Duan W., Meng Z., Dong H, & Wang X. (2022). Comparison of Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Polysaccharides from Massa Medicata Fermentata and Its Processed Products. ACS Omega, 7(50), 46833-46842.

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Evaluating Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities

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Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, potato starch, linoleic acid, pancreatin (P 110505) from porcine pancreas, and α‐amylase (A 109181) from bacteria were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Rutin, bovine hemoglobin, acarbose, and α‐glucosidase (S 10050) from yeast were obtained from Yuanye Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Mucin, pepsin, bile extract, ammonium pyruvate, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), Triton X‐100, 4‐methylumbelliferyl α‐d‐glucopyranoside (4‐MUG), 4‐methylumbelliferyl oleate (4‐MUO), Tris base, orlistat, diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,4,6‐tris‐(2‐pyridyl)‐S‐triazine (TPTZ), 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethychromane‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox), and lipase (L 3126) from porcine pancreas type II, and the standards (all phenolic acids) were purchased from Sigma.

Cheng K., Dong W., Long Y., Zhao J., Hu R., Zhang Y, & Zhu K. (2019). Evaluation of the impact of different drying methods on the phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vitro digestion of green coffee beans. Food Science & Nutrition, 7(3), 1084-1095.

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Enzymatic Kinetics and Inhibition Assay

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α-Glucosidase from yeast was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acarbose (≥98%) and betulinic acid (≥98%) were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). p-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were offered by Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). CM5 sensor chip, EDC/NHS and Amine Coupling Kit were purchased from GE Healthcare (Buckinghamshire, UK).

Chen S., Lin B., Gu J., Yong T., Gao X., Xie Y., Xiao C., Zhan J.Y, & Wu Q. (2022). Binding Interaction of Betulinic Acid to α-Glucosidase and Its Alleviation on Postprandial Hyperglycemia. Molecules, 27(8), 2517.

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Enzymatic Assay for α-Glucosidase

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α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Hypericin (analytical grade) and acarbose were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Stock solutions of acarbose and Hypericin were prepared with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). pNPG was obtained from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and dissolved in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (PBS pH 6.8). All other chemicals were of analytical grade. We used ultrapure water in all conducted experiments.

Dong Q., Hu N., Yue H, & Wang H. (2021). Inhibitory Activity and Mechanism Investigation of Hypericin as a Novel α-Glucosidase Inhibitor. Molecules, 26(15), 4566.

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Extraction and Characterization of Cactus Opuntia Milpa Alta

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The cactus cultivar Opuntia Milpa Alta was purchased from Suqian, Jiangsu Province and identified by Professor Chen Huaguo from Guizhou Normal University. Lactase, o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside, α-glucosidase, p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, PBS, and acarbose were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Petroleum ether (60–90 °C) and 95% ethanol were obtained from Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Hyaluronidase, sodium hyaluronate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were obtained from Soleibao. Sodium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt were purchased from Zhiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). All other reagents were analytically pure.

Yang Y., Yang M., Zhou X, & Chen H. (2022). Optimization of Extraction Process of Polysaccharides MAP-2 from Opuntia Milpa Alta by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Its Potential as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor. Foods, 11(21), 3530.

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Characterization of Gardenia Extracts

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Gardenia (G. jasminoides Ellis) from the Hubei province in China was provided and characterized by Hubei HaoYSJ Biotechnology Co. Limited (Yichang, China). The voucher specimens of gardenia (No. 190925) were deposited in the College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University. The α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC 3.2.1.20) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The p-nitrophenyl (pNPG), α-D-glucosidase (purity > 99%), and acarbose (purity > 95%) were purchased from Yuanye Biological Technology (Shanghai, China). The AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin (0.3–1.25 mm particle size) was purchased from Nankai Hecheng Science & Technology Co. (Tianjin, China). The crocin I and geniposide (HPLC grade) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. (Shanghai, China). The methanol and acetic acid (HPLC grade) were obtained from J.T. Baker Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) and Aladdin Industrial Co. (Shanghai, China), respectively. The water was purified using a Milli-Q system supplied by Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). All the other reagents were of an analytical grade.

Zhou H., Zhang S., Chen L., Liu Y., Shen L, & Zhang J. (2023). Effective Therapeutic Verification of Crocin I, Geniposide, and Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vivo and In Vitro. Foods, 12(8), 1668.

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Enzymatic Characterization for Glucose Inhibition

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Alcalase 2.4L (2.4 AU-A/g) from Bacillus licheniformis was procured from Nanjing Chengna Chemical Company Limited (Nanjing, PR China), bromelain (300 U/mg) from pineapple, Flavourzyme (20 U/mg) from Aspergillus oryzae, trypsin (250 USP U/mg) from bovine pancreas, α-amylase (50 U/mg) from Bacilus subtilis, α-glucosidase (50 U/mg) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG, ≥99%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, ≥99%), acarbose (≥98%), RPMI 1640 medium and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were procured from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Company Limited (Shanghai, PR China). HT-29 cell was purchased from the Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, PR China). All other used reagents were of high purity and analytical grade.

Islam M.S., Hongxin W., Admassu H., Mahdi A.A., Chaoyang M, & Wei F.A. (2021). In vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Antidiabetic Activities of Protein Hydrolysates Prepared from Chinese Pond Turtle (Chinemys reevesii). Food Technology and Biotechnology, 59(3), 360-375.

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α-Glucosidase Inhibition Assay Protocol

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α-Glucosidase activity was assessed according to a previous report [32 (link)]. α-Glucosidase (Sigma, G5003, St. Louis, MO, USA) derived from baker’s yeast and p-NPG (Sigma, N1377, Louis, MO, USA) as the substrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acarbose (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) was used as the positive control. The tested compounds and positive control Acarbose were dissolved in DMSO (Shanghai Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and the enzyme and the substrate were dissolved in phosphate buffer with pH 6.86. The inhibitors and enzyme were pre-incubated in phosphate buffer at 37 °C for 15 min, and then 25 μL of substrate was added to the system to start the reaction, and the incubation was continued at 37 °C for 15 min. Finally, the reaction was terminated by the addition of 50 μL of 0.2 M reaction termination solution (Na₂CO₃, Shanghai Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). The optical density (OD) was measured at an absorbance wavelength of 405 nm using a microplate reader (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The IC₅₀ values were estimated with six different inhibitory concentrations, and each sample was measured three times in parallel experiments.

Chen J.K., Ge Z.Y., Liao X.W., Xue J., Wu L, & Liang L.F. (2024). α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Phytochemical Components of Chinese Endemic Plant Whitfordiodendron filipes var. tomentosum. Plants, 13(5), 692.

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In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation

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Pepsin (1:10,000), oxgall, porcine α-amylase and acarbose were purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium thioglycolate (THIO) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) with high-glucose, fetal bovine serum and Penicillin-Streptomycin were purchased from Hyclone (Thermo, Beijing, China). α-Glucosidase, pNPG and DPP4 inhibitor screening kits were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). In addition, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). A Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay Kit and Total Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kit were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). A Hydroxyl Free Radical assay kit was purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Antibiotic discs were purchased from Hangzhou Binhe Microorganism Reagent Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). The HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line was purchased from the type culture cell bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).

Wang H, & Li L. (2022). Comprehensive Evaluation of Probiotic Property, Hypoglycemic Ability and Antioxidant Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Foods, 11(9), 1363.

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Enzymatic Assays for Monascus Pigments

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Acarbose, aminoguanidine (AG), fructose (Fru), and α-Glu (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, EC 3.2.1.20) were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). AK and MS were purchased from Chengdu Greenpure Biopharma Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Moreover, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), thioflavin T, 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and bromophenol blue (BPB) were acquired from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Monascus fermentation products with a high content of Monascus pigments (MPs) were acquired referring to the method provided in the supplementary material. All the other analytical solvents or chemicals were obtained from certified suppliers.

Wu S., Dong C., Zhang M., Cheng Y., Cao X., Yang B., Li C, & Peng X. (2024). Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Yeast Rice: Perspectives from the Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and the Anti-Glycation Capability by Ankaflavin and Monascin. Foods, 13(10), 1573.

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