San continuous flow analyzer

Manufactured by Skalar

Sourced in Netherlands

The San++ Continuous Flow Analyzer is a laboratory instrument designed for the automated analysis of various water samples. It utilizes a continuous flow system to perform colorimetric determinations of chemical parameters, such as nutrients and other analytes, in a rapid and efficient manner. The core function of the San++ Continuous Flow Analyzer is to provide accurate and reliable analytical data to support environmental monitoring, water quality assessment, and research applications.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Ics 1100, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Aa 6800, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Icp optima 8000, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Fiastar 5000 analyzer, by Foss (1 mentions) Trilogy laboratory fluorometer, by Turner Designs (1 mentions) Carbosorb, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Ultima gold cocktail, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Tri carb 2900tr, by Hewlett-Packard (1 mentions) Permafluor, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Vario macro cube elemental analyzer, by Elementar (1 mentions) Flashsmart, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Toc 5 wp, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Continuous flow analyzer (15 citations) SKALAR San++ Analyzer (5 citations) SAN++ flow analyzer (3 citations) San++ 140 Continuous Flow Analyzer (2 citations)

25 protocols using san continuous flow analyzer

Quantification of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Sulfate

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured using a San++ Continuous Flow Analyzer, with a detection limit of 60 and 20 μg l⁻¹, respectively (Skalar Analytical B.V., Breda, The Netherlands).
Sulfate concentrations were determined by ion chromatography using an ICS–1100 (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, USA), equipped with an IonPac AG-18 pre-column (4 × 50 mm, 13 μm bead size; ThermoFisher Scientific Inc.) and an AS-18 anion-exchange separation column (4 × 250 mm, 7.5 μm bead size; ThermoFisher Scientific Inc.). Sulfate was eluted at 23 min with 10 mM KOH as the eluent delivered at a flow rate of 1.5 ml min⁻¹; the detection limit was 5 μg l⁻¹.

Michas A., Vestergaard G., Trautwein K., Avramidis P., Hatzinikolaou D.G., Vorgias C.E., Wilkes H., Rabus R., Schloter M, & Schöler A. (2017). More than 2500 years of oil exposure shape sediment microbiomes with the potential for syntrophic degradation of hydrocarbons linked to methanogenesis. Microbiome, 5, 118.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Soil Nutrient Analysis for Tomato Cultivation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Tomatoes were harvested as fresh vegetables. Soil pH (soil:distilled water, 1:2.5) was determined using a Thunder Magnetic SJ-3F pH Meter (INESA, Shanghai, China). The soil EC (soil:distilled water, 1:5) value was determined using a Thunder Magnetic DDS-307 EC Meter (INESA, Shanghai, China). Soil NH

_{4}^{+}

-N and NO

_{3}^{-}

-N were extracted by 2 M KCl (5:1 v/w) and analyzed using the SAN⁺⁺ Continuous Flow Analyzer (Skalar, Netherlands; Blakemore et al., 1987 ). Soil total C (TC) and total N (TN) contents were measured using an elemental analyzer (Elementar III, Germany). Total phosphorus (TP) was determined by the molybdenum-blue method (Nobile et al., 2020 (link)). Total potassium (TK) was measured using flame photometry after soil digestion with NaOH (Lu, 2000 ). Soil available phosphorus (AP) was determined in sodium bicarbonate extraction following colorimetric measurement (Olsen and Sommers, 1982 ). Available potassium (AK) was determined in the ammonium acetate extraction following the flame ionization photometry (Lu, 2000 ).

Song Q., Fu H., Shi Q., Shan X., Wang Z., Sun Z, & Li T. (2022). Overfertilization reduces tomato yield under long-term continuous cropping system via regulation of soil microbial community composition. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 952021.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Soil Nutrient Extraction and Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Soil ammonium and nitrate were extracted with 0.01 M KCl and analyzed using a San⁺⁺ continuous flow analyzer (Skalar Analytical, Breda, Netherlands) (Duan et al., 2015 ).

Wang F., Xu X., Jia Z., Hou X., Chen Q., Sha J., Liu Z., Zhu Z., Jiang Y, & Ge S. (2020). Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate Application During the Later Stage of Apple Fruit Expansion Regulates Soil Mineral Nitrogen and Tree Carbon–Nitrogen Nutrition, and Improves Fruit Quality. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 764.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Soil Chemical Properties Characterization

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

A glass combination electrode immersed in a suspension of soil and water at a ratio of 1: 2.5 (w: v) was used to determine the soil pH. Soil electronic conductivity (EC) was measured using a conductivity meter (2.5: 1, water/soil ratio). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined by the dichromate oxidation method (Kalembasa and Jenkinson, 1973 (link)). Soil total nitrogen (TN) was determined using a semi-automatic Kjeldahl Azotometer (Alva, China) and total phosphorus (TP) by the vanado-molybdate phosphoric yellow colorimetric procedure (Bao, 2000 ). Total potassium (TK) was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AA-6800, Shimadzu, Japan) (Jackson, 1973 ). A 0.5 M K₂SO₄ solution was used to extract soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^–-N, and their concentrations in the supernatant were determined in a San⁺⁺ Continuous Flow analyzer after filtering through a 0.45-μm membrane (Skalar, Netherlands).

Su Y., Zi H., Wei X., Hu B., Deng X., Chen Y, & Jiang Y. (2022). Application of Manure Rather Than Plant-Origin Organic Fertilizers Alters the Fungal Community in Continuous Cropping Tobacco Soil. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 818956.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Nutrient Analysis in Sample Supernatants

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Samples were collected during the experiment and centrifuged, and supernatants were used for ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate determination on a Skalar San⁺⁺ Continuous Flow Analyzer (Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Yang X., Yu X., He Q., Deng T., Guan X., Lian Y., Xu K., Shu L., Wang C., Yan Q., Yang Y., Wu B, & He Z. (2022). Niche differentiation among comammox (Nitrospira inopinata) and other metabolically distinct nitrifiers. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 956860.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Comprehensive Soil Physicochemical Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

A total of 17 soil physicochemical properties were measured. Briefly, soil water content was determined gravimetrically (75 (link)). Soil NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ concentrations were measured after the samples were extracted with 2 mol/liter KCl by using a San⁺⁺ continuous flow analyzer (Skalar, Breda, Netherlands). Soil salinity and pH were measured by using an FE20 digital meter (Mettler Toledo, Shanghai, China). Soil TC and total nitrogen (TN) were determined by using a 2400 II CHN elemental analyzer (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA), and then the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was calculated. Other soil elements (including P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, Fe, and Cu) were digested with 1:2:1 (vol/vol/vol) nitric acid (HNO₃), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and perchloric acid (HClO₄) on a hot plate and then determined by using an ICP Optima 8000 (PerkinElmer).

Gao G.F., Peng D., Tripathi B.M., Zhang Y, & Chu H. (2020). Distinct Community Assembly Processes of Abundant and Rare Soil Bacteria in Coastal Wetlands along an Inundation Gradient. mSystems, 5(6), e01150-20.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Soil Nutrient Analysis Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Ten grams of fresh soil was extracted with 50 mL of 2 M KCl. The NH4 + -N and NO3 --N concentrations in the extracts were determined using a SAN++ Continuous Flow Analyzer (Skalar, Breda, The Netherlands) (Lu, 2000) . Inorganic nitrogen (IN) was the sum of the NH4 + -N and NO3 --N concentrations. The DOC and DON were extracted with 0.5 M K2SO4. Then, a TOC analyzer (Multi N/C 2100; Analytic, Jena, Germany)
was used to determine their concentrations in centrifuged supernatant that had been filtered through sterile 0.45 μm syringe filters (Zhou et al., 2019b) . The soil WC was measured using the oven-drying method (Akhtar et al., 2018) (link). The air-dried soil samples were analyzed for soil pH, TOC, TN, TP, TK, AP, and AK as described by Lu (2000).

Zhou Z., Li Z., Chen K., Chen Z., Zeng X., Yu H., Guo S., Shanguan Y., Chen Q., Fan H., Tu S., He M., & Qin Y. (2021). Changes in soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities among different soil depths after long-term straw mulching under a no-till system.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Soil and Plant Nutrient Analyses

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Soil moisture content was measured gravimetrically after drying at 105°C for 24 h. Soil pH was measured in 1 M KCl (1∶5 w/v) using a pH electrode. Soil organic carbon and total N were analyzed by the CHNS-analysis system (Elementar Analysen Systeme, GmbH, Hanau, Germany) with the burning method at 450°C and 1250°C, respectively. The concentration of soil available N (NO₃-N+NH₄-N) was measured using a FIAstar 5000 Analyzer (FOSS, Hillerød, Denmark) after extraction with 2 M KCl (1∶5 w/v). Soil available P was extracted following the Mehlich-3 method and measured using the molybdate-blue colorimetrical method [43] . Plant N content was analyzed by the San⁺⁺ Continuous Flow Analyzer (Skalar Analytical B.V., Breda, Netherlands) using the semi-micro Kjeldahl method. Plant P content was measured using the molybdate-blue colorimetric method after digestion with sulfuric acid [44] .

Shi G., Liu Y., Mao L., Jiang S., Zhang Q., Cheng G., An L., Du G, & Feng H. (2014). Relative Importance of Deterministic and Stochastic Processes in Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Assemblage during the Spreading of a Toxic Plant. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e95672.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Soil Nutrient Dynamics Measurement

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Soil samples were taken from the pots using a soil auger of 16 mm diameter on 5, 9, 14, and 22 DAO (days after onset of experiment). Holes were closed with glass tubes to avoid variation in the soil surface. Fresh subsamples were analyzed for water-extractable C org concentration (WEOC), and a subsample was frozen at -20 • C for soil mineral N analysis. To-tal soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations were analyzed using a C : N analyzer (model 1110, Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy).
For determination of soil mineral N content, frozen samples were extracted with a 0.0125 M CaCl 2 solution (1 : 5 w/v) for 60 min on an overhead shaker (85 rpm). The extracts were filtered with 615 1/4 filter paper (Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG, Düren, Germany) and stored at -20 • C. The extracts were analyzed colorimetrically for the concentrations of NO - 3 and NH + 4 using the San ++ continuous-flow analyzer (Skalar Analytical B.V., Breda, the Netherlands). Soil water content was determined with a parallel set of samples. Net N mineralization was calculated as the difference between the NH + 4 -N+NO -3 -N concentrations at the start and end of the incubation period plus N lost as N 2 O-N (Eq. 1).

Rummel P.S., Pfeiffer B., Pausch J., Well R., Schneider D., & Dittert K. (2020). Maize root and shoot litter quality controls short-term CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and bacterial community structure of arable soil. Biogeosciences, 17(4), 1181-1198.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Comprehensive Aquaculture Water Quality Assessment

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

For each fish farming site, hydrological parameters of seawater, including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH, were measured in situ during the sampling process using the EXO2 multiparameter water quality sonde (YSI, United States). Chlorophyll-a level was measured using Trilogy Laboratory Fluorometer (Turner Designs, United States). Total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was measured using a San++ Continuous Flow Analyzer (Skalar, Netherlands). Other environmental parameters from corresponding monitoring stations in the proximity of each sampling site, set up by the EPD (see Footnote 1), were previously collected and compiled to inform and supplement site selection and the study. These include 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, E. coli, faecal coliform, nitrate, nitrite, pH, salinity, secchi disc depth, suspended solids, temperature, total inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and turbidity.

Lo L.S., Xu Z., Lee S.S., Lau W.K., Qiu J.W., Liu H., Qian P.Y, & Cheng J. (2022). How elevated nitrogen load affects bacterial community structure and nitrogen cycling services in coastal water. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 1062029.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!