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7 protocols using hnf4a

1

Comprehensive Lung and Thyroid Analysis

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Postnatal lungs were inflated with 2% paraformaldehyde under constant pressure of 25 cm (P4) or 30 cm (4 wk, 10 wk, or 6 mo) water and allowed to fix overnight. E18.5 lungs and dissected thyroids were fixed overnight in 2% paraformaldehyde. Tissue was embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine tissue morphology. In situ hybridization was performed as described previously (Herriges et al. 2014 (link)). IHC was used to detect protein expression using the following antibodies on paraffin sections: cleaved Caspase 3 (rabbit, 1:25; Biocare), E-cadherin (rabbit, 1:100; Cell Signaling), F4/80 (rat, 1:50; Biolegend), GFP (goat, 1:100; Abcam), Hnf4a (goat, 1:40; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Hnf4a (rabbit, 1:50; Cell Signaling), Ki67 (rabbit, 1:50; Abcam), Krt5 (rabbit, 1:1500; Covance), Muc5ac (mouse, 1:100; Abcam), Nkx2.1 (rabbit, 1:50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Pgp9.5 (mouse, 1:100; RDI), Pdpn (mouse, 1:50; Hybridoma Bank), P63 (mouse, 1:50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), RFP (rabbit, 1:250; Rockland), Scgb1a1 (goat, 1:20; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Sftpc (goat, 1:50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and Sox9 (rabbit, 1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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2

Directed Differentiation of Engineered Stem Cells

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In vitro differentiation of H1-RB1(E16)−/+ cells to HPCs, MSCs, and NPCs was performed by well-defined differentiation protocols described previously (Chambers et al., 2009 (link); Qin et al., 2016 (link); Zhao et al., 2015 (link)). For cell characterization, SOX17 (R&D Systems) and HNF4A (Cell Signaling Technology) were used for HPCs, CD105 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and CD73 (BD Biosciences) were used for MSCs, and PAX6 (BioLegend) and NESTIN (BioLegend) were used for NPCs.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of STAT3 and HNF4A

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Western blots analyses were performed as described previously [25 (link)] using OF-treated Clone 9 cells, while immunoreactive proteins were detected by an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Bio-Rad). The specific antibodies against STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), HNF4A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha), and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA).
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4

Directed Differentiation of Engineered Stem Cells

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In vitro differentiation of H1-RB1(E16)−/+ cells to HPCs, MSCs, and NPCs was performed by well-defined differentiation protocols described previously (Chambers et al., 2009 (link); Qin et al., 2016 (link); Zhao et al., 2015 (link)). For cell characterization, SOX17 (R&D Systems) and HNF4A (Cell Signaling Technology) were used for HPCs, CD105 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and CD73 (BD Biosciences) were used for MSCs, and PAX6 (BioLegend) and NESTIN (BioLegend) were used for NPCs.
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5

Protein Expression Analysis via Western Blot

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Western blot analysis was performed using standard methodology with the following antibodies: YPEL5 (Eterlife, EL801477), HNF4A (Cell Signaling Technology, 3113S), and GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1).
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6

Comprehensive Characterization of Stem Cells

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As described elsewhere, we performed, Western blotting (13 (link)), flow cytometry (14 (link)), immunofluorescence (4 (link)), and confocal imaging (9 (link)). For Western blotting, we used the primary antibodies HNF4A (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), PDX1 (1:1,000, R&D Systems), or GAPDH (1:1,000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); otherwise, we used the following: mouse anti-Oct-3/4 (sc-5279; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-NANOG (ab21624; Abcam), goat anti-SOX17 (AF1924; R&D Systems), goat anti-PDX1 (AF2419; R&D Systems), mouse anti-HNF4A (PP-H1415-00; R&D Systems), mouse anti-Nkx-6.1 (F55A12-S; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa), and guinea pig anti-insulin (A0564; Dako). The samples were mounted in Prolong Diamond Antifade Mounting Media (P36970; Life Technologies).
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7

Immunofluorescence Characterization of Cells

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA; Ding Guo, China) for 15 min, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma) for 15 min, blocked with 1% BSA for 30 min at room temperature, and then incubated overnight with primary antibody targeting Vimentin, Desmin, Nestin, Nanog, Foxa2, Gata4, E-cadherin, Oct4, Hnf4a (Cell Signalling Technology, MA, USA), Foxa3 (Atlas Antibodies, China), Sox2 (GeneTex, USA), Asgpr1 (Bioscience, USA), Afp, and Sox17 (R&D Systems, UK) at 4 °C. The following day, cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor® 488/555-conjugated goat anti-mouse/rabbit antibody (Cell Signalling Technology) or Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated donkey anti-goat antibody (Absin Bioscience, China) for 1 h in the dark. Nuclei were stained with 10 μg/ml Hoechst33342 (Invitrogen, USA). Cells were visualised by fluorescence microscope (Olympus IX71, Tokyo, Japan).
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