Sodium deoxycholate

Cell extracts were prepared in cold RIPA buffer (25 mmol/L Tris‐HCl, pH 7.6, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 1% Nonidet P‐40 (Sigma, 74 385), 1% sodium deoxycholate (Amresco, D0613), 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (Amresco, 0227) and supplemented with 1 mmol/L phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Amresco, M145) and a protein inhibitor cocktail (Roche Diagnostics, 04693132001). After transient sonication, the cell lysate was incubated on ice for 30 minutes. The samples were centrifuged at 12 000 rpm for 15 minutes to pellet the cell debris, and the supernatant was transferred to a new tube for further analysis. The protein lysates were separated by SDS‐PAGE and electro‐transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was incubated with corresponding primary antibodies. Primary antibodies included anti‐RNF20 (Proteintech, 21625‐1‐AP, 1:1000), anti‐H2Bub (Cell Signaling Technology, 5546s, 1:1000), anti‐GAPDH (Bo Ao Rui Jing,ab1019t, 1:1000), anti‐Actin (Abmart, M20011, 1:1000), anti‐SOX2 (Santa Claus, sc365823X, 1:1000), anti‐H3 (Proteintech, 17168‐1‐AP, 1:1000) and anti‐H3K9me2 (EASYBIO, BE3283, 1:1000). The next day, the proteins on the membrane were hybridized with Alexa Fluor 680‐conjugated goat anti‐mouse or Alexa Fluor 800‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit secondary antibodies and scanned using the ODYSSEY Sa Infrared Imaging System (LI‐COR biosciences).

Lipase type VII from C. rugosa was obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co. (St Louis, MO, USA), tributyrin and triacetin from Fluka (Deisenhofen, Germany), and sodium deoxycholate from Amresco (Solom, OH, USA). Gels for protein purification, DEAE-Sephacel, Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, Sephacryl HR 100, and the Sephacryl S200 column were from GE Healthcare (Piscataway, NJ, USA). All chromatographic steps were performed on a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system (Pharmacia Biotech, Sweden).

2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline (EOz) and vitamin E succinate (VES) were purchased from TCI Development Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Paclitaxel (PTX) was obtained from Guilin Huiang Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Guilin, China). 1-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylaarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were obtained from J&K chemical Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) were gained from Amresco (USA). TPGS1000, chlorpromazine, methylated-β-Cyclodextrin (MβCD), amiloride, genistein, brefeldin A, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were all purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Lyso-Tracker Red DND-99, Mito-Tracker Deep Red, ER-Tracker Red, Golgi-Tracker BODIPY-TR ceramide, and CellLight Late Endosome-RFP were all obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), penicillin–streptomycin, non-essential amino acids, and trypsin-EDTA were all obtained from MAC Gene Technology (Beijing, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was supplied by GIBCO (Burlington, Ontario).