Suit 2 cells

BxPC-3 cells were obtained from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, Salisbury, UK). SUIT-2 cells were acquired from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources (Osaka, Japan). T3M-4 cells were procured from the RIKEN BioResource Center (Wako, Japan). BxPC-3 and SUIT-2 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium. T3M-4 cells were maintained in Ham’s F-10 medium. All media were supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS, Serum Source International, Charlotte, NC, USA) and 100 U mL⁻¹ penicillin + 100 µg mL⁻¹ streptomycin (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Cultures were maintained at 37 °C under a humidified atmosphere at 5% CO₂.

Five human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and SUIT-2) were used in this study. AsPC-1, CFPAC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). SUIT-2 cells were purchased from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources (JCBR, Japan) cell bank (The National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Japan). Cell line AsPC-1 was cultured in RPMI-1640 (Welgene, Daegu, Korea); CFPAC-1 cells were maintained in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM, Welgene); and MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and SUIT-2 cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Welgene). All cell culture medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA). All cell lines were incubated at 37°C in atmospheric conditions of 20% O₂ and 5% CO₂. To investigate the effect of 5-aza-dC treatment, cells were treated with 5 μM 5-aza-dC (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 72 h.