Atovaquone

Unless stated otherwise all compounds were dissolved in DSMO. 5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) and Furosemide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Atovaquone was purchased from AK Scientific, DSM-1 was a kind gift from Susan Charman. Supplementary MMV Malaria Box compounds were obtained from MolPort (MMV007571 Molport catalog number is 007-936-716, MMV020439 Molport catalog number is 010-755-382). MMV compound SMILES are shown with NPP screening data in Supplementary Table S1.

Twenty-eight compounds were tested for an herbicidal effect on A. thaliana. Eight commercially available herbicides were compared to twenty antimalarial compounds (Table 1). Amodiaquine, chloroquine, ciprofloxacin, glufosinate ammonium, glyphosate and oryzalin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Artesunate was obtained from Pharbaco Central Pharmaceutical J.S.C., mefloquine from Roche, and asulam from Sapphire Bioscience. The rest (atovaquone, atrazine, azithromycin, clethodim, clindamycin, cycloguanil, dapsone, dicamba, dihydroartemisinin, doxycycline, halofantrine, lumefantrine, methacycline, piperaquine, primaquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, trifluralin) were sourced from AK Scientific. Stock solutions were prepared in DMSO, except chloroquine and glyphosate, which were prepared in water. Initial screening was at 20 μg/mL and the compounds that showed herbicidal activity were tested at a range of concentrations with DMSO as the negative control and four herbicides as positive controls.