N n dimethylformamide (dmf)

The fabric used was a PES 100% woven standard polyester, Type 30 A, from Testgewebe GmbH (Brüggen, Germany) (ISO 105-F10). The high molecular weight disperse dyes used were Rubi Foron S-2GFL (C.I Disperse Red 167) and Navy Blue Foron S-BRL (Disperse Blue 79). All dyes were supplied by Clariant (Prattlen, Switzerland). Coumarin (99% purity) was supplied by Acros (NJ, USA) and o-vanillin (99% purity) was supplied by Acros (NJ, USA). Both carriers use agro-sourced alternative compounds with additional properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, biodegradability and antimutagenic. Also, these carriers are hydrophobic with no toxicity, and we expect them to have better influence on polyester dyeing [10 (link),16 (link)]. The chemical structure of these chemicals is presented in Table 1.
Pure n-butyl acetate (M_w = 116.16 g·mol^–1), supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain), was used as the co-solvent. N,N-Dimethylformamide (M_w = 73.10 g·mol^–1), 99.8% purity and supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain), was used as the solvent to extract the dyes from the PES fabrics. Hostapal non-ionic surfactant detergent, supplied by Archroma GmbH (Sulzbach, Germany), was used as for pre-dyeing washing. QP-grade 85% pure sodium dithionite (M_w = 174.11 g·mol^–1) and analytical-grade sodium hydroxide, both supplied by Panreac, were used as a post-dyeing washing reductant.

The procedure of anchoring silver nanoparticles onto f-EG was adapted from a method described for CNTs [32 (link)] consisting of the reduction reaction of silver ions (Ag+) using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, from Panreac, Barcelona, Spain), obtaining [(f-EG)+Ag]. A total of 140 mg of silver nitrate was mixed with 8 mL of absolute ethanol (both from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) and left under magnetic stirring, at room temperature, for 15 min. At the same time, 280 mg f-EG was mixed with 16 mL DMF and magnetically stirred, at room temperature, for 15 min. These two suspensions were then mixed together and stirred for 72 h, protected from light, being subjected to ultrasounds for 15 min every 24 h. Finally, the product was filtered and washed with diethyl ether and hexane (95% n-hexane from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) and then dried for 2 h at 150 °C under vacuum.

Decoration with Ag and Cu was based on the reduction of AgNO₃ and Cu(CH₃COO)₂ in DMF. f-SWCNT (f-S1, 70 mg) were dispersed in 4 mL of DMF (Panreac) and magnetic stirred for 15 min. Mixtures of 35 mg of copper acetate (Cu(CH₃COO)₂, Alfa Aesar, MA, USA) in 2 mL of EtOH (Fischer Scientific, UK) and 35 mg of silver nitrate (AgNO₃, from Fischer Scientific, UK) in 2 mL of EtOH were kept under magnetic stirring for 15 min and mixed with two separate suspensions of f-SWCNT in DMF. The mixtures were stirred for 78 h with an ultra-sonication step (10 min, ultrasonic bath) every 24 h. The reaction flasks were covered with aluminum foil throughout the procedure. Reaction products were filtered and washed with hexane followed by diethyl ether (Fischer Scientific, UK). Filtration and washing were carried out over a nylon membrane yielding SWCNT buckypapers.

The compounds bis(1,2,3,7,8-pentamethyl-2,2′-dipyrrolylmeten-9-yl)methane bis(difluoroborate) (1), (1,2,3,7,9-pentamethyl-2,2’-dipyrrolylmeten-8-yl)-(1,2,3,7,8-pentamethyl-2,2’-dipyrrolylmeten-9-yl)methane bis(difluoroborate) (2), and bis(1,2,3,7,9-pentamethyl-2,2′-dipyrrolylmeten-8-yl)methane bis(difluoroborate) (3) were synthesized according to proven technology [21 (link)]. The synthesis techniques and the results of the identification of 1–3 are presented in SI. Spectrophotometric-grade benzene, heptane, cyclohexane, toluene, ethanol, 1-propanol, DMF, DMSO, and acetone (for analysis, Panreac, Barcelona) were used without further purification. Solvent parameters (DN, SB, and ε) were taken from [32 (link)] and are listed in Table S2.

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (Emsure, 99 wt.%); nitric acid, HNO₃ (Merck, 65 wt.%); and ethanol, EtOH (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.8 wt.%), were used to isolate cellulose. Disublimated iodine (Carlo Erba, 99.9 wt.%), acetic anhydride (Merck, 98.5 wt.%), and a microwave oven (SINEO MDS-8G) were used in the synthesis of cellulose acetate. N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF (Panreac, 99.8 wt.%), and acetone (Panreac, 93.5 wt.%) were used as solvents.
The cationization of cellulose fibers was carried out using a 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride solution (60 wt.% in H₂O, Mw = 188) (Sigma Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA). For dyeing fibers, a black coloring reagent (vinyl sulfone) (Sumicolor, Medellin, Colombia) was used. Sodium carbonate (99.99 wt.%), and anhydrous sodium sulfate (99 wt.%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA).
The sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was obtained from the agricultural industry present in the countryside of Moniquirá (Boyacá, Colombia). SCB was reported to have 46.7 ± 4.4 wt.% of cellulose; 19.7 ± 0.8 wt.% of lignin; 23.6 ± 2.1 wt.% of hemicellulose; and 8.8 ± 2.4 wt.% of other organic extractives [13 (link)].

N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂), m-phenylene diamine, and melamine were provided from Sigma–Aldrich. N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Panreac AppliChem. Nitric acid and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Global Chemical Ltd. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from bio-Basic INC. N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals were used without purification.