Acrylamide bis acrylamide solution 29 1

The following substances, materials, and reagents (and suppliers) were used in this study: menadione, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), polyethyleneimine, Triton-X100 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO); clasto-lactacystin-β-lactone, 4-ydroxynonenal, and protease inhibitor cocktail (Calbiochem,San Diego, CA); cell proliferation assay (MTS, CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution), caspase-3 activity assay kit (Promega); transfection reagents (Lipofectamine 2000; Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA); clear-blue x-ray films (CL-XPosure films; Thermo Scientific Branch); antibodies, ATG5, ATG7, HDAC6, phospho-AKT, AKT, phospho-mTOR, mTOR,LC3, p62 (Cell Signaling Technology); acrylamide–bis-acrylamide solution (29∶1; Bio-Rad); and ARPE-19 cells (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC], Manassas, VA); lyso tracker, Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen); FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Beyotime, Beijing); non-specific siRNA, and ATG7 siRNA (GenePharma, Shanghai).

Aminoantipyrine (AAP), ammonia assay kit, bovine serum albumin (BSA), broad range SDS-PAGE molecular weight standards, concanavalin-A coupled with fluorophore fluorescein isothiocyanate (Con-A-FITC), desloratadine, 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (DCHBS), histamine, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), homovanillic acid (HVA), paraformaldehyde, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) type II, HRP type X, pig kidney diamine oxidase (pkDAO), protease inhibitor cocktail, putrescine, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), semicarbazide and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, Ontario, Canada). Bradford reagent, acrylamide/bis-acrylamide solution (29:1) and Precision plus Protein Kaleidoscope Standards were from Bio-Rad Laboratory (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada). All current chemicals were Reagent Grade and were used without further purification.