Carotenoid standards

The ABTS reagent was provided by Alfa Aesar, the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and (+)-catechin 98%, quercetin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid (98%), protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, parahydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid (99.9%), para-coumaric acid, trans-5-O-caffeoylquinic) acid, epicatechin, vanillic acid, cis-resveratrol, ferulic acid methyl ester and DPPH were obtained from Sigma- Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany, Tokyo, Japan, Shanghai, China). methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (99%) and sinapic acid (98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). Procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, polydatin, hyperoside, carotenoid standards, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Trans-resveratrol was purchased from TCI Europe (Zwijndrecht, Belgium). The acetonitrile and the formic acid were purchased from Merck. quercetin (>95%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India). All spectrophotometric measurements were performed on the Analytik Jena Specord 200 Plus (Jena, Germany) spectrophotometer.

The Sorbus aucuparia L. berries were harvested from plantations from the Republic of Moldova. The ABTS reagent was provided by Alfa Aesar, the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, formic acid, and acetronitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). (+)-catechin 98%, morin hydrate, ellagic acid (≥95%), benzoic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, (+)-rutin trihydrate, syringic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid (98%), protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, parahydroxybenzoic acid, para-coumaric acid, quercetin (>95%), 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (99%), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were obtained from Sigma (Germany, Japan, China, India). D(-)-quinic acid (98%), sinapic acid (98%), and methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). Procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, polydatin, hyperoside, carotenoid standards, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Trans-resveratrol was purchased from TCI Europe (Zwijndrecht, Belgium). All spectrophotometric measurements were performed on the Specord 200 Plus (Jena, Germany) spectrophotometer.