Sodium l ascorbate

All chemicals were used as received, unless
stated otherwise. 3-Morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) was purchased
from Dojindo Laboratories. Tannic acid (TA) was purchased from Merck.
Lignosulfonate (LS) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt
(EDTA) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Caffeic acid
(CaAc), iron(III)chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH,
1 M), (+)-sodium l-ascorbate, ethanol, and tetrahydrofuran
(THF) were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals. Polystyrene
(PS) microspheres with a diameter of 3 μm in an aqueous suspension
were purchased from Polysciences, Inc. High-purity water (Milli-Q)
with a resistivity greater than 18 MΩ cm was obtained from an
inline type 1 Merck ultrapure water purification system. For the different
experiments, 40 g/L TA solution, 5 g/L CaAc solution (dissolved in
50 wt % ethanol because of poor solubility in water), 10 g/L LS solution,
and 10 g/L FeCl₃·6H₂O were used to assemble
the MPNs.

N₃–TEG–OTs 2(32 (link)) and chlorin e6–DME 4(34 (link)) were prepared according to
the literature. Mal₃ (Sigma-Aldrich, >90%), PA (Tokyo
Chemical
Industry Co., Japan, >95.0%), CuSO₄ (Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Japan, 97.5%), sodium L-ascorbate (Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Japan, 98.0%), Cs₂CO₃ (Tokyo Chemical
Industry Co., Japan, >98%), tert-butyl alcohol
(Tokyo
Chemical Industry Co., Japan, >99.0%), and dry N,N-dimethylformamide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries,
Japan,
99.5%) were used as received. All other materials were obtained from
commercial sources and used as received, unless otherwise stated.