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4 protocols using iodoform

1

Fabrication and Characterization of Iodoform-Based Pastes

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For this study, an iodoform (Alfa Aesar, Heysham, UK), calcium hydroxide (Sigma–Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), and silicone oil were mixed on a glass plate with a sterilized spatula at a proportion of 1:1:1, respectively, to fabricate an iodoform-based paste. Sodium iodide-based paste was created by mixing equal proportions of NaI (Sigma–Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), calcium hydroxide, and silicone oil. The iodoform-based paste was denoted as I30; the NaI-based paste was designated as D30 for this study. Groups were divided based on D30 and I30 and subdivided into three groups based on the viscosities of silicone oil as high (H), medium (M), and low (L) to compare six groups: I30H, I30M, I30L, D30H, D30M, and D30L. calcium hydroxide, silicone oil H (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI, USA), silicone oil M (Shin-Etsu Silicone KF-96 1000 cst, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan), and silicone oil L (Shin-Etsu Silicone KF-96 350 cst, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan) were used. All materials were mixed by the same operator, as shown in Figure S1.
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2

Photochemical Degradation of Halogenated Compounds

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Reaction solution for both UV direct photolysis and UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation were prepared using deionized (DI) water (Millipore, USA). Dichloroiodomethane (CHCl2I, 95+%) was purchased from Cansyn Chemical Corp (Canada). Iodoform (CHI3, 99%) and p-xylene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Singapore). H2O2 (35% w/w aqueous solution) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Singapore).
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3

Determination of Iodo-Trihalomethanes in Water

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All reagents used were of highest purity, iodoform (CHI 3 ), 1,2 dibromopropane (used as internal standard SI) and THMs mixture 100 µg/µL of each compound: chloroform (CHCl 3 ), bromodicloromethane (CHBrCl 2 ), dibromochloromethane (CHBr 2 Cl), and bromoform (CHBr 3 ), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinhein Germany). Iodo-trihalomethanes (I-THMs): bromodiiodomethane (CHBrI 2 90%), bromochloroiodomethane (CHBrClI 95%), chlorodiiodomethane (CHClI 2 95%), dibromoiodomethane (CHBr 2 I 95%) and dichloroiodomethane (CHCl 2 I 95%) were purchased from Orchid Cellmark (New Westminster, BC, Canada). Methanol, n-hexane, toluene, acetonitrile and acetone were purchased from Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain). n-Octanol was supplied from Merck (Barcelona, Spain). Accurel Q 3/2 polypropylene hollow fiber membranes with an inner diameter of 600 µm, 200 µm of wall thickness and 0.2 µm pore size was obtained from Wuppertal (Germany). Ultrapure water (18MΩ cm) was obtained from a Milli-Q water-purification system (Millipore, Watford, UK) and was used for spiked samples and blanks preparation. to achieve a final concentration of 5 µg L -1 .
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of AuNRs

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The AuNR syntheses, PEGMUA synthesis and subsequent experiments were performed with the following chemicals: ascorbic acid (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, Merck), nitric acid (70%, Merck), potassium cyanide (KCN, 96%, Sigma-Aldrich), silver nitrate (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium borohydride (98%, Fluka), sodium oleate (97%, TCI), tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (95%, Sigma-Aldrich), poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (M n ∼ 2000 g mol -foot_0 , Sigma-Aldrich), α-methoxy-ω-mercaptopoly(ethylene glycol) (M n ∼ 2000 g mol -1 , Rapp Polymere GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany), iodoform (99%, Sigma-Aldrich). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm, Millipore) was used for all procedures. Solvents were used in p.a. grade. Chloroform-d 3 (CDCl 3 , 99.8% with 0.03% tetramethylsilane, TMS) and deuterium oxide (D 2 O, 99.9%) were from Deutero GmbH (Kastellaun, Germany).
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