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Multi spike detector

Manufactured by Omega Engineering
Sourced in Israel

The Multi Spike Detector is a laboratory instrument designed to detect and analyze multiple electrical spikes or pulses simultaneously. It has the capability to process and display data from multiple input channels, providing a comprehensive overview of complex electrical signals.

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6 protocols using multi spike detector

1

Extracellular Recording of Single-Cell Activity

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After training completion, a head-restraint system and a recording chamber were surgically implanted in asepsis and under general anesthesia (sodium thiopental, 8 mg/kg/h, i.v.) following the procedures reported in Galletti et al. (1995) (link). Adequate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort. A full program of postoperative analgesia (ketorolac trometazyn, 1 mg/kg, i.m., immediately after surgery, and 1.6 mg/kg, i.m., on the following days) and antibiotic care [Ritardomicina® (benzathine benzylpenicillin + dihydrostreptomycin + streptomycin) 1–1.5 ml/10 kg every 5–6 d] followed the surgery.
Single-cell activity was extracellularly recorded from areas V6A, PEc, and PE of the two monkeys (Fig. 1). We performed single microelectrode penetrations using a 5-channel multielectrode recording system (MiniMatrix, Thomas Recording, GmbH). The electrode signals were amplified (at a gain of 10,000) and bandpass filtered (between 0.5 and 5 kHz). Action potentials in each channel were isolated online with a waveform discriminator (Multi Spike Detector; Alpha Omega Engineering). Spikes were sampled at 100 kHz. The present study includes neurons assigned to areas V6A, PEc, and PE following the cytoarchitectonic criteria of Pandya and Seltzer (1982) (link) and Luppino et al. (2005) (link).
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2

Extracellular Recording of Monkey LPFC Neurons

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For technical reasons, we recorded neuronal activity in the monkey positioned to the left of the other one. Single-neuron activity in the LPFC was recorded extracellularly using tungsten electrodes (2.0–8.0 MΩ, FHC, Bowdoinham, ME). An electrode was advanced with a hydraulic microdrive (MO-95C, Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) through a stainless steel guide tube. Neuronal activities were converted into pulses using a spike waveform detector (Multispike Detector, Alpha Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel). We recorded activity in the right hemisphere of monkey S and in both hemispheres of monkey H while they were playing the games. Monkey P was always the competitor for monkeys H and S, which never competed against each other because both of them were trained with the same turret color (white). The recording area covered both the dorsal and ventral banks of the principal sulcus (Figure 8A), and was determined in reference to magnetic resonance images (whole-brain coverage, slice thickness 2 mm, Siemens, Sonata 1.5T).
We monitored the eye position of monkeys H and S with an infrared eye-camera system (sampling rate, 4 ms; R-22C-1, ISEYO Electronic, Tokyo, Japan), but did not restrict or control their eye movements.
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3

Monkey Gaze Tracking and Neuronal Recording

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The position of each monkey’s gaze was recorded with an infrared oculometer (Bouis Instrument, Karlsruhe, Germany). Single-unit potentials were isolated using a 16-electrode microdrive with independent control of each electrode (Thomas recording, Giessen, Germany) through a custom, concentric recording head with 518 µm electrode spacing. The signal from each quartz-insulated platinum-iridium electrode (impedance, 0.5–1.5 MΩ at 1 kHz) was amplified and discriminated using a Multispike Detector (Alpha-Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel) or a Multichannel Acquisition Processor (Plexon, Dallas, TX). For the latter, we resorted neuronal waveforms with Offline Sorter (Plexon). NIMH CORTEX software (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/labs-at-nimh/research-areas/clinics-and-labs/ln/shn/software-projects.shtml) controlled behavior and collect data.
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4

Monitoring Primate Eye Movements and Single-Unit Neuronal Activity

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The monkeys’ eye position recorded and monitored with an infrared oculometer (Bouis Instruments, Karlsruhe, Germany) at 500 or 1000 Hz. Single-unit potentials were isolated with quartz-insulated platinum-iridium electrodes (impedance, 0.5–1.5 M at 1 kHz), advanced into the cortex by a 16-electrode microdrive with independent control of each electrode (Thomas Recording, Giessen, Germany). The signal was amplified and discriminated using a multispike detector (Alpha-Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel) or a multichannel acquisition processor (Plexon, Dallas, TX, USA). With the latter, neuronal waveforms were always resorted with the Offline Sorter (Plexon). We used CORTEX1 to control behavior and collect data. Figure 1C shows the recorded locations in the dorsolateral PF (PFdl) and dorsomedial PF (PFdm; spanning areas 6, 8, and 9).
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5

Extracellular Recording of Purkinje Cell Action Potentials

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Action potentials of PCs were recorded extracellularly using glass-coated tungsten microelectrodes (1–2 MΩ impedance at 1 kHz; Alpha Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel) advanced with an 8-probe electrode system (Alpha Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel). In most cases we used maximally 4 electrodes, arranged linearly either along the rostrocaudal or the medio-lateral axis and separated by 2 mm each. We approached the OMV by using the stereotaxic coordinates provided by the anatomical MRI scans and identified the OMV by resorting to well established criteria, namely the dense saccade-related granule cell background and the appearance of saccade-related single units in the neighbouring layers. The electrode signal was band-pass filtered for frequencies from 300 to 3000 Hz to enable the isolation of spikes. SS and CS were detected online by using a Multi Spike Detector (Alpha Omega Engineering, Nazareth, Israel) which detects and sorts spikes according to the features of template waveforms.
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6

Real-Time Spike Sorting with MSD

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Single PC units were identified online by the presence of a high-frequency SS discharge accompanied by the signatory, low-frequency CS discharge using a real-time spike sorter, the Alpha Omega Engineering Multi Spike Detector (MSD). The MSD, designed for detecting sharp waveforms uses a template matching algorithm developed by Wörgötter et al. (1986) , sorts waveforms according to their shape. The algorithm employs a continuous comparison of the electrode signal against an 8-point template defined by the experimenter to approximate the shape of the spike of interest. The sum of squares of the difference between template and electrode signal is used as a statistical criterion for the goodness of fit. Whenever the goodness of fit crosses a threshold, the detection of a spike is reported. The 8-point template can be adjusted manually or alternatively, run in an adaptive mode that allows it to keep track of waveforms that may gradually change over time.
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