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10 protocols using endohm 12 chamber

1

Transepithelial Electrical Resistance Measurement

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The ABB integrity after the exposure to the CAs was determined by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) through an EVOM Volt Ohm Meter (World Precision Instruments, Berlin, Germany) equipped with an EndOhm 12 Chamber (World Precision Instruments, Berlin, Germany). TEER of polyester Transwell inserts coated with gelatine 0.2% (Sigma Aldrich), without cells, was measured and set as blank and then TEER was measured before (day 12) and after 24 h of exposure to CAs (day 13). TEER was measured as Ω × cm2 and calculated as follows:
where RM is the experimental value of cell co-culture resistance, RBlank the experimental value of the blank control and S the surface area of the filter membrane (1.12 cm2). Values of TEER were expressed as % ratio between TEER day 13/TEER day 12. The mean ±SEM of at least three independent experiments was presented.
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2

Measuring Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance

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We evaluated the trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the hCMEC/D3 monolayer using an Endohm 12 chamber and an Endohmeter EVOMX (World Precision Instruments) as previously described.13 (link),32 (link),33 (link) The TEER values were subtracted from the electrical resistance of the control inserts and expressed as Ω.cm2 (surface area of the transwell inserts).
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3

Measuring Transepithelial Electrical Resistance

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For the measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), 12 mm Transwell® inserts with 0.4 μm pore polycarbonate membranes (Corning) coated with collagen IV (20 μg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich) were used. OKG4 cells (2.7 × 104) in 500 μl in DermaLife K medium containing 60 μM Ca2+ were seeded to the filter, and the medium was changed every 1–3 days. When cells reached confluence (approx. after 7 days), they were cultured in a medium containing 1.4 mM Ca2+ to induce terminal cell differentiation [29 (link)] and the formation of tight junctions [30 (link)]. Subsequently, 50 μg/ml of the nanocarrier solution was applied to the cells. As a control, the TEER of cells that were kept in DermaLife K medium containing 60 μM Ca2+ was determined. The TEER values were measured using an Endohm-12 chamber (World Precision Instruments) and a volt-ohm-meter (Millipore). After subtracting the blank filter’s TEER, the value was multiplied by the filter area (1.12 cm2). Four independent experiments were performed in duplicate.
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4

Colon Organoid Differentiation Protocol

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Colon organoids were collected at days 7 to 9 after passaging. Cell Recovery Solution was used for 40 min at 4°C to dissolve Matrigel, followed by incubation of organoids in Trypsin/EDTA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. 12605036) at 37°C for 5 min. Next, organoids were mechanically dissociated into single cells, resuspended in EM without nicotinamide, and seeded onto type I collagen (50 μg/ml)–coated 12-well 0.4-μm pore polyester Transwell inserts (Corning, 3493) at a density of 3 × 105 cells per Transwell. After 3 to 5 days of incubation, monolayers were confluent and we initiated differentiation as described previously (8 (link)). For differentiation, apical medium was replaced with Advanced DMEM/F12 plus Hepes, Glutamax, and Pen/Strep and basolateral media with differentiation medium, which is EM without L-WRN conditioned medium, nicotinamide, prostaglandin E2, SB202190, and thiazovivin, but supplemented with human recombinant noggin (100 ng ml−1; PeproTech, catalog no. 120-10C) and 20% R-spondin conditioned medium (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. SCC111). Monolayer integrity was monitored with transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements, which were performed using the EndOhm-12 chamber with an EVOM2 meter (World Precision Instruments). Monolayers were used for further experimentation at days 7 to 9 after seeding.
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5

Transepithelial Electrical Resistance Assay

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The barrier integrity of the epithelia formed by NCI-H441 and A549 on transwell inserts was monitored by collecting the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). TEER was measured using EVOM2 Epithelial Volt/ohm meter along with Endohm12 chamber (World Precision Instrument) every 2–3 days as of day-0 of ALI. After sterilization with ethanol 70%, the chamber was rinsed and then filled with 2 mL of HBSS containing Ca2+, Mg2+ ions and glucose. The top compartment of transwell inserts was filled with 500 µL of HBSS and successively transferred in the chamber. The resistance value in Ω units was read after the stabilization of TEER signal. The value was subtracted by a background resistance due to transwell insert. The resulting value was subsequently multiplied by the surface area of transwell insert equal to 1.12 cm2.
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6

Measuring Transepithelial Electrical Resistance

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TEER was measured weekly using an EVOM meter and an ENDOHM-12 chamber (World Precision Instruments, FL, USA) [25 (link)].
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7

Measuring Endothelial Monolayer Integrity

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Integrity of the hCMEC/D3 monolayer was monitored by measuring the TEER using an Endohm 12 chamber and an Endohmeter EVOMX (World Precision Instruments). Prior to TEER measurement, the culture media was refreshed and the Transwell inserts were left 20 min at room temperature to exclude interference of temperature. The background electrical resistance from the coated filter and culture media was substracted from each reading. The TEER values were expressed as Ω.cm2 (surface area of the Transwell inserts).
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8

Transepithelial Electrical Resistance Measurement

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Barrier function was determined by measuring TEER using the Endohm-12 chamber and the EVOM2™ resistance meter (World Precision Instruments). Inserts and Endohm were kept warm on a hot plate set to 40 °C and measurement was performed while keeping the cultures warm. Final results were obtained by multiplying the raw readings by the surface area of the 12-well Transwell (1.12 cm2). TEER values of ~ 200 Ohm*cm2 were considered acceptable.
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9

Measuring hCMEC/D3 Barrier Integrity

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Integrity of the hCMEC/D3 endothelial barriers was monitored 72 h after transfection by measuring the TEER using an Endohm 12 chamber and an Endohmeter EVOMX (World Precision Instruments) as previously described [32 (link)]. All TEER values were expressed as Ω.cm2 (surface area of the Transwell inserts) and determined after subtracting the background of the coated transwell membrane and medium from each reading. TEER values of control untransfected endothelial monolayers hCMEC/D3 were higher than 60 Ω.cm2 72h after transfection.
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10

Monitoring Endothelial Barrier Integrity

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Integrity of the hCMEC/D3 endothelial barriers was monitored 72 h after transfection by measuring the TEER using an Endohm 12 chamber and an Endohmeter EVOMX (World Precision Instruments) as previously described (33) . All TEER values were expressed as Ω.cm2 (surface area of the Transwell inserts) and determined after subtracting the background of the coated transwell membrane and medium from each reading. TEER values of control untransfected endothelial monolayers hCMEC/D3 were higher than 60 Ω.cm 2 72h after transfection.
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