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7 protocols using active aldosterone ria

1

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling in Fasting

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Urine and blood samples were taken after 12 h of fasting. Measurements of plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, C-reactive protein (CRP), cystatin C, glucose, creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, and total, high-density and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were determined using Cobas Integra 700/800 (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel; Switzerland) or Cobas6000, module c501, and plasma insulin with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on Cobas e411 analyzer (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd). Blood cell count was calculated by ADVIA 120 or 2120 (Bayer Healthcare, Tarrytown, New York, USA). Radioimmunoassays were used for the analyses of plasma renin activity (GammaCoat Plasma Renin Activity 125-I RIA Kit; DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy) and aldosterone concentration (Active Aldosterone RIA, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, California, USA). Glomerular filtration rate was evaluated using CKD-EPI-creatinine-cystatin-C formula [21] , and insulin sensitivity using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [22] .
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2

Adrenal Hormone Measurement Protocol

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Measurements of adrenal corticosteroids were performed at the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, which is an American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians accredited laboratory. Plasma or serum aldosterone concentrations were measured with a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit (ACTIVE Aldosterone RIA, Beckman Coulter, IMMUNOTECH s.r.o., Prague, Czech) in 9 of the 10 cats. Serum progesterone concentrations were measured in the same 9 cats with a commercially available competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay (Immulite 2000 Progesterone, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Ltd, Gwynedd, UK) that has been described by others for use in cats.16 (link), 17 (link) Cortisol concentrations also were determined using a chemiluminescent immunoassay (Immulite 2000 Cortisol, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Ltd) that has been described for use in cats.18 (link) Detailed descriptions of these assays as well as the assay for corticosterone measurements are available in Supporting Information Appendix 1. Corticosteroid measurements in 1 cat were performed before 2015, and different radioimmunoassay kits were being used in our laboratory (Coat‐a‐Count, Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Los Angeles, California) at that time. Descriptions of the assays used for hormones measurements in this cat can be found elsewhere.9 (link)
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3

Serum Hormone Measurements in Research

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Serum aldosterone was measured with the Active® Aldosterone RIA (Beckman Coulter, Immunotech, Czech Republic). Serum cortisol was measured with an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay on the Immulite® 2000 XPi (Siemens Healthcare). PRA was measured by the Angiotensin I RIA KIT (Beckman Coulter, Immunotech). The respective within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were below 4.5 and 9.8% for aldosterone, below 6.8 and 9.4% for cortisol and below 11.3 and 20.9% for PRA.
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4

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling and Insulin Sensitivity Assessment

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Blood and urine samples were taken after 12 h of fasting. Plasma renin activity (GammaCoat Plasma Renin Activity 125-I RIA Kit, DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy) and aldosterone concentration (Active Aldosterone RIA, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA) were determined using commercial kits. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), sodium, potassium, glucose, creatinine, cystatin C, uric acid, triglyceride, and total, HDL and LDL (high- and low-density lipoprotein, respectively) cholesterol concentrations were determined using Cobas Integra 800 (F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland). Insulin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Cobas e411, Roche Diagnostics). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease – Epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) cystatin C equation27 (link). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)28 (link), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)29 (link). In addition, the subjects were invited to participate in a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the determination of the Matsuda index30 (link).
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5

Metabolic Profiling of Mouse Aquaresis

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Single mice were kept for 24-hours in metabolic cages (3600M021, Techniplast) and urine and stool production, as well as water and food intake were measured. Treatments were performed with dDAVP (0.4μg/kg intraperitoneally) and effects on these parameters were assessed. Mouse serum chemistries were determined with a Dri-Chem7000 chemistry analyzer (Heska). Urine chemistries were determined with a Roche ModP analyzer and urine osmolality with an Advanced Instruments Micro Osmometer Model 3300. CBC was obtained with the HemaTrue analyzer (Heska). Blood gas analysis was performed with an IRMA TRUpoint capillary blood analysis system (Lifehealth). Mouse serum renin was measured with a mouse renin 1 ELISA kit (EMREN1, Thermo Fisher), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Aldosterone assays were performed with a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit (ACTIVE® Aldosterone RIA, Beckman Coulter, IMMUNOTECH, Prague, Czech Republic). Anti-aldosterone antibody-coated tubes, 125I-labeled aldosterone radioligand, 7 calibrators ranging from 0 to 4448 pmol/L, and 2 controls were provided by the manufacturer. The assays were performed according to the kit protocol with the modification of an overnight incubation step at room temperature.
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6

Metabolic and Hormonal Biomarkers in Fasting Individuals

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Blood and urine samples were taken after about 12 h of fasting. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), sodium, potassium, glucose, creatinine, uric acid, triglyceride, and total, high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were determined using Cobas Integra 800 (F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland). Insulin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Cobas e411, Roche Diagnostics). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI cystatin C equation [22 (link)], and insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [23 (link)]. Plasma renin activity (GammaCoat® Plasma Renin Activity 125-I RIA Kit, DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy) and aldosterone concentration (Active® Aldosterone RIA, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA) were determined using commercial kits. Urine albumin excretion was determined using immunoturbidimetry.
The normal reference range for uric acid in Finland is 230–480 µmol/l for men, 155–350 µmol/l for women aged 18–49 years, and 155–400 µmol/l for women aged ≥ 50 years [24 ].
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7

Serum Aldosterone and Cortisol Quantification

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Serum aldosterone was measured with the Active® Aldosterone RIA (Beckman Coulter, Immunotech, Czech Republic). Serum cortisol was measured with an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) on the Immulite® 2000 XPi (Siemens Healthcare, Gwynedd, United Kingdom). The respective within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were below 4.5% and 9.8% for aldosterone and below 6.8% and 9.4% for cortisol. PRA measurements were performed using the Angiotensin I RIA KIT (Beckman Coulter, Immunotech, Czech Republic). The respective within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were below 11.3% and 20.9%.
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