Octadecane

The following chemicals were used as received: perfluoropentane (C₅F₁₂, 98%, Strem Chemicals, Newburyport, MA, USA); perfluorohexane (C₆F₁₄, 99%, FluoroMed, Round Rock, TX, USA); perfluorododecane (>99%, Fluoryx Labs, Carson City, NV, USA); Krytox 157 FSH oil (Miller-Stephenson Chemicals, Danbury, CT, USA); 1,2-dibehenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DBPC) (99%, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA); N-(methylpolyoxyethylene oxycarbonyl)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE-PEG5K) (NOF America, White Plains, NY, USA); octadecane (99%), heneicosane (98%), tricosane (99%), tetracosane (99%), and chloroform (≥99.9%) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); nonadecane (99%, Acros Organics, NJ, USA); eicosane (99%, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA); docosane (98%, TCI, Portland, OR, USA); DiO fluorescent probe (excitation, 484 nm; emission, 501 nm) (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR, USA); and ultrapure deionized (DI) water from Millipore Direct-Q (Millipore Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA).

Cadmium oxide (CdO), Se powder, Octadecane (ODE) (90%), oleic acid (OA), Trioctylphosphine (TOP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich for CdSe preparation. Degussa P25-TiO₂ nanocrystallite was supplied by Evonik Aeroxide. All of the chemicals were used without any further purification.

Dithiothreitol (DTT), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), H₂O₂, titanium dioxide, dichloromethane, pyridine, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, trimethylsilyl chloride, sodium azide, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), methionine, catalase, peroxidase, cholesterol, maltose, octadecane, phenol, palmitic acid, sorbitol, ammonia and potassium phosphate buffer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Tetracosane and 4-aminoantipyrine were purchased from Fluka (Bucharest, Romania). Sulfuric acid was purchased from Fisher Chemical (New Hampshire, EUA). TrichloroAcetic acid (TCA) was purchased from BIOCHEM Chemopharma (Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire, France). Guaiacol and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were purchased from Acrós Organics. Triton-X and ascorbic acid were purchased from Panreac. Acetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraAcetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) were purchased from VWR (Pennsylvania, EUA). Riboflavin, n-hexane p.a., methanol p.a., sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), potassium sulfate and quercetin were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Luteolin and oleuropein were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).

A GC-MS 7890B gas chromatograph equipped with a 5977B MSD mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), with an Agilent HP-5MS column (30 m, 0.25 µm, 0.25 μm film thickness) was used in the experiments. The carrier gas used was helium at 99.999% (BOC, Sydney, Australia). The conditions for the GC-MS were as follows: injector port temperature of 270 °C; initial oven temperature of 60 °C, which increased to 320 °C (at 5 °C/min); MS Quad at 150 °C; MS source at 230 °C; pressure at 10.629 psi. The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min; the splitless was 30 mL/min at 1.0 min. The total run time was 45.40 min.
Standard n-alkane (C₇-C₃₀) reference material containing 1000 μg/mL of each component (decane, docosane, dodecane, eicosane, heneicosane, heptacosane, heptadecane, hexacosane, hexadecane, heptane, nonacosane, nonadecane, nonane, octacosane, octadecane, octane, pentacosane, pentadecane, tetracosane, tetradecane, triacontane, tricosane, tridecane and undecane) in hexane was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (catalogue number 49451-U; Castle Hill, NSW, Australia), as was n-hexane (95%, catalogue number 270504-2L).

Heptane (99%), nonane (99%), undecane (≥99%), dodecane (99%), tridecane (≥99%), tetradecane (≥99%), pentadecane (≥99%), hexadecane, heptadecane (99%), octadecane (99%), nonadecane (99%), eicosane (99%), heneicosane (≥99.5%), docosane (99%), tricosane (99%), tetracosane (99%), pentacosane (99%), hexacosane (99%), octacosane (99%), and triacontane (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Octane (98%) and decane (≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetone and hexane were of HPLC grade and purchased from Elite Advanced Materials Sdn. Bhd. (Selangor, Malaysia). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹) was purified by a Millipore Milli-Q system (Bedford, MA, USA).

Octadecane (99.9%), hexadecane (99%), iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate hexahydrate (99.9%), hydrogen peroxide solution (30 wt.% in H₂O), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solutions (average M_w < 100,000, 35 wt.% in H₂O; average M_w = 200,000–350,000, 20 wt.% in H₂O; and average M_w = 400,000–500,000, 20 wt.% in H₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich/Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT, 99%) was acquired from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Ultrapure MilliQ water was used for all the experiments.

Cholesterol oxidase (COx, EC 1.1.3.6 from Streptomyces sp.), cadmium oxide (CdO, 99%), toluene (99%) trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO, 98%), octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA, 97%), trioctylphosiphine (TOP, 97%), octadecane (ODE, 98%), thioglycolic acid (TGA/MAA, 98%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC, 98%), N-hydrooxysulfo-succinimide (NHS, 98%), cyclohexylisothiocyanate (CYS, 98%), zinc stearate (25 g) of analytical grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All chemicals were used without any alterations.