Lamin a b

The following antibodies were used in this study: βA3/A1‐crystallin antibody (described previously Zigler et al., 2011), Slc36a4 antibody–N‐terminal (Aviva System Biology, San Diego, CA, ARP44114‐P050), Actin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, A2066), PhosphoPlus‐p70 S6 Kinase (Thr389, Thr421/Ser424) Antibody Kit (Cell Signaling, Danver, MA, #9430), Phospho‐mTOR (Ser2448) (Cell Signaling, #5536), Rag and LAMTOR Antibody Sampler Kit (Cell Signaling, #8665), TFEB (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, MA, A303‐673A), Lamin A/B (Santa Cruz, sc‐6215), Tubulin (MBL, PM054‐7Y), Phospho‐TFE3 (as described in Martina et al., 2016), CTSD (Gift from Dr. Ralph Nixon, NYU School of Medicine), SQSTM1/P62 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, ab91526), Rhodopsin, M‐opsin, and PNAL (three gifts from Dr. Donald Zack, Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine), 1D4 (gift from Dr. Krzysztof Palczewski, Case Western University), RPE65 (gift from Dr. T. Michael Redmond, NEI, NIH), and LRAT (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, sc‐99015).

VTN (459 a.a, HEK293, His), RSL3 (HY-100218A), Ferrostatin-1 (HY-100579), DIP (HY-B0312), and Rofi (HY-15455S2) were purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai, China). Antibodies targeting GPX4 (67763-1-Ig, 1 : 200 for immunofluorescence (IF), 1 : 2,000 for western blotting (WB)), SLC7A11 (26864-1-AP, 1 : 200 for IF, 1 : 2,000 for WB), CDX2 (60243-1-Ig, 1 : 200 for IF, 1 : 2,000 for WB), CREB1 (12208-1-AP, 1 : 2,000 for WB), PRKACA (27398-1-AP, 1 : 2,000 for WB), α-tubulin (66031-1-Ig, 1 : 2,000 for WB) were from Proteintech Company (Wuhan, China). Phospho-CREB1 (Ser133) (YP0075, 1 : 2,000 for WB), Phospho-PKA (Thr198) (YP0226, 1 : 2,000 for WB), Phospho-PDE4 (YP0668, 1 : 100 for IF, 1 : 2,000 for WB), EpCAM (YM0219, 1 : 200 for IF), EpCAM (YM6053, 1 : 200 for IF) were from Immunoway Research (Plano, USA). Antibodies against MUC2 (ab272692, 1 : 2,000 for WB) and PDE4 (ab99409, 1 : 2,000 for WB) were from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Lamin A/B (sc-376248, 1 : 3,000 for WB) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, Texas, USA). All unconjugated secondary antibodies were from Beijing Ray Antibody Biotech (Beijing, China). All ultrapure reagents were from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).GPX4 plasmid was purchased from Youbio (Hunan, China), siRNA was synthesized by Genepharma (Shanghai, China).