The coating formulations are shown in Table 2 . A solution with 8% PVA was prepared by dissolving the required amount of PVA powder in deionized water at 90 °C for 1 h, during which the dispersion was mixed with a mechanical stirrer (WiseStir, Daihan Scientific Co., Ltd., Wonju, Korea) at a speed of 800 rpm. To the PVA solution, the AKD emulsion was added and the mixture was mechanically mixed at 900 rpm for 1 h. Then, nanoclay was added and sonication with a frequency of 28 kHZ was conducted for 2 h using an ultrasound cleaner (SH-2300 Model, Saehan Ultrasonic, Seoul, Korea). Three levels of nanoclay dosage (i.e., 3%, 5% and 10%) were applied in the coating formulations. The prepared PVA/AKD/nanoclay dispersions were mechanically mixed at 1000 rpm at room temperature for 1 h before coating.
Wisestir
Manufactured by Daihan Scientific
Sourced in India
The WiseStir is a laboratory stirrer designed for efficient mixing and agitation of liquids in various applications. It features a compact and durable construction, providing a stable and reliable performance. The core function of the WiseStir is to ensure thorough homogenization and suspension of samples or reagents within a laboratory setting.
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7 protocols using wisestir
1
Aqueous PVA-Based Coating with Nanoclay
2
Formulation and Characterization of ZP-loaded NLCs
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ZP-loaded NLCs were formulated by hot emulsification-ultrasonication method (Ali et al., 2022 (link)). In all formulations, the overall lipid phase concentration remained constant at 10%w/v. Briefly certain amounts of palmitic acid and cod liver oil were heated to 70 °C (exceeding the melting point of solid lipid with 5 °C), then drug solution (5 mg/mL) in acetone was added up to the molten lipid. The mixture was then magnetically stirred till clear. The aqueous phase composed of different PLX 407 amounts dissolved in distilled water was then heated to an equivalent temperature of the lipid phase and added dropwise to the melted lipid under magnetic heating stirring (WiseStir, Daihan Scientific Company, Daihan, Chhattisgarh, India) at 1200 rpm for 10 min. The formed dispersion was then sonicated utilizing a probe-type sonicator at 60 W (Probe Sonicator Ultrasonic Processor model VCX 750, Newtown, CT) while placed in an ice bath to avoid excessive heating caused by probe sonication. Finally, the prepared systems were kept in an ice bath for 15 min allowing solidification of the developed NLCs. The resultant formulations were preserved at 4 °C for further investigations. All formulations were prepared in triplicates to ensure reproducibility.
3
Thermoresponsive Gels Formulation
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The thermoresponsive gels (25% w/w) were prepared using a cold method that was established in our laboratory [4 (link)]. Pluronic PF127 (12.5 g) was slowly added into 50 mL of cold distilled water under a continuous magnetic stirring (Daihan Scientific WiseStir, Korea) at 200 rpm for 4 h. Afterward, the mixture was kept at 4 °C overnight. The next day, using the same cold method, different concentrations of PEG 400 (5, 10, 15, and 22% w/v) were added into the mixture and stirred continuously at 300 rpm for 4 h. The same steps were repeated for different concentrations of starch (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/L) and the combination of PEG and starch.
4
Polyvinyl Alcohol-Eudragit Nanoparticles
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Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) MW 146,000 (Sigma Aldrich, Milwaukee, Germany), Eudragit® L100 (Evonik Chemicals, Essen, Germany), deionized water, methanol, n-butanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and ethyl acetate (Analytical grade, Lab-scan, Ireland) and methanol (HPLC grade, duksan chemicals, Ansan, Korea), drying oven (Contherm scientific Ltd., Lower Hutt, New Zealand), multi hotplate stirrer (WiseStir, Daihan Scientific Co., Ltd., Daegu, Korea), water distillation apparatus (IRMECO GmbH IM50, Aachen, Germany), centrifuge machine (Hermle, GmbH Z326k, Aachen, Germany), pH meter (pH 700, Eutech instruments, Loughborough, UK), refrigerator (Panasonic, MPR-161D H, Tokyo, Japan), ultrasonicator (Bransonic, 2210E-MT, Frankfurt, Germany), melting point apparatus, biomedical freezer (Panasonic, MDF-137, Tokyo, Japan), FTIR spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer, spectrum 65, Waltham, MA, USA), Scanning Electron Microscope (MIRA3, TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic), Zeta sizer (Malvern ZS-1500, Malvern, UK), RP-HPLC (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA), lyophilizer (Lyolab 3000, Copenhagen, Denmark), ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA).
5
Imitation Cheese Formulation with Oleogels
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The formulation of the control imitation cheese consisted of 38.0 g of soy protein isolate (SPI) (Sungpoong Co., Anseong, Korea), 341.8 g of water, 3.8 g of salt (CJ Co., Seoul, Korea), 22.8 g of tapioca starch (Heungyil, Seoul, Korea), 15.2 mL of lemon juice (Kaya Korea, Seoul, Korea), 13.5 g of agar powder (Ehomebakery, Incheon, Korea), 24.0 g of sugar (Samyang Co., Seoul, Korea), and 51.0 g of palm oil. The agar powder with water was agitated at 200 rpm for 10 min by using a stirrer (WiseStir, Daihan Scientific, Wonju, Korea). The sugar was then added and mixed for 1 min. This mixture was heated on a hot plate (Kitchenflower Co., Gimpo, Korea) for 2 min, and the palm oil was then added, followed by agitation for 1 min. Afterward, SPI, water, salt, tapioca starch, and lemon juice were added to the mixture and agitated with heating for 8 min. The resulting sample was poured into a plastic container (length = 130 mm, width = 90 mm, height = 60 mm), cooled to room temperature for 30 min, and then stored in a refrigerator overnight. In the case of the oleogel samples, the palm oil was replaced with three different oleogels (3, 6, and 9%) on an equal weight basis.
6
Optimized Radiolabeled Terpesomal Gel
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The optimum 99mTc-ZT loaded terpesomal gel was prepared by sprinkling 50 mg hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) slowly on 10 mL of magnetically stirred 99mTc-ZT-T6 (WiseStir, Daihan Scientific Company, Chhattisgarh, India), at 37 ± 1 °C. The developed 99mTc-ZT-T6 gel was finally refrigerated, to form clear gel free from any obvious clumps or air bubbles.
7
Synthesis of Iron-Activated Carbon Composite
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The as received AC was heated for 2 h at 110°C in an oven to ensure moisture free substrate. The synthesis of FeAC was carried out by following the procedure described in our recently reported work [13 (link)]. Initially, 5 g AC was stirred with 1 M KMnO4 solution for 20 min at 200 rpm. Afterwards, distilled water was added to dilute the suspension before it was filtered. The residue obtained was then mixed with 1 M FeSO4.7H2O and stirred on a magnetic stirrer (WiseStir, DAIHAN Scientific Co. Ltd.), up to 8 h at the same speed. The suspension was filtered, washed with 1% NaHCO3 and soaked in 1% NaHCO3 solution overnight. Later, the suspension was decanted, washed with distilled water and filtered again. Finally, the solid residue was air dried for 2 h and then kept in an oven at 110°C up to 6 h for complete drying.
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