Murine serum was tested by ELISA for reactivity to
calf thymus dsDNA (Sigma-Aldrich), and sm-RNP (ATR1-10; Arotech Diagnostics Limited) which has previously been described
58 (link).
To obtain RNA samples for quantitative PCR, murine spleens were digested with
collagenase Type 4 (Worthington Biochemical), followed by calcium chelation, RBC lysis and made into single cell suspensions.
Insulin was detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin embedded pancreas tissue sections using a
Leica Bond MAX Automated Immunostainer (Leica Microsystems) and guinea pig anti-insulin (Dako-A0564) primary antibody with
rabbit anti-guinea pig (Abcam) and
goat anti-rabbit poly-HRP (Leica Microsystems) secondary antibodies. Visualization was with
DAB-Bond Polymer Refine (Leica Microsystems).
Gorman J.A., Hundhausen C., Errett J.S., Stone A.E., Allenspach E.J., Ge Y., Arkatkar T., Clough C., Dai X., Khim S., Pestal K., Liggitt D., Cerosaletti K., Stetson D.B., James R.G., Oukka M., Concannon P., Gale M J.r., Buckner J.H, & Rawlings D.J. (2017). The A946T variant IFIH1 RNA sensor mediates an interferon program that limits viral infection but increases the risk for autoimmunity. Nature immunology, 18(7), 744-752.