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13 protocols using millipore q water

1

Magnetic Bead-based DNA Nicking Assay

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Streptavidin-magnetic beads (1 μm diameter, 4 mg mL−1, an aqueous suspension containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4, 0.05% Tween-20, and 0.05% NaN3), nicking endonuclease (Nb.BbvCI) and 10× CutSmart™ buffer (20 mM, Tris-acetate, 500 mM potassium acetate, 10 mM magnesium acetate, and 100 μg mL−1 BSA, pH 7.9) were purchased from New England Biolabs (Beijing, China). Gold View I (GV I) (10 000×) used in this study was provided by Solarbio Co. Ltd. (Xiamen, China). The DL 200 DNA marker was ordered from Takara (Dalian, China). Salmon sperm DNA was obtained from Solarbio Inc. (Beijing, China). All oligonucleotides were synthesized and purified via HPLC by Sangon Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and the corresponding sequences are illustrated in Table S1 (ESI). All oligonucleotides were dissolved in tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (TE) buffer (pH 8.0, 10 mM Tris–HCl, 1 mM EDTA) and stored at −20 °C for further use.
Moreover, 0.1 M phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) included 136.89 mM NaCl, 2.67 mM KCl, 8.10 mM Na2HPO4 and 1.76 mM KH2PO4 (pH 7.4). The reaction buffer contained 10 mM Tris–HCl, 1 mM EDTA and 12.5 mM MgCl2 (pH 8.0). Other chemicals (analytical grade) were obtained from standard reagent suppliers. Millipore-Q water (≥18 MΩ, Milli-Q, Millipore) was used throughout the experiments.
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2

Rapid Antibiotic Detection via Colorimetric Assay

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Chloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl4·4 H2O) and NaOH were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Amoxicillin (Am), erythromycin (Er), spiramycin (Sp), gentamycin sulfate (Ge), chlortetracycline hydrochloride (Ch), ceftriaxone sodium (Ce), enrofloxacin (En), ciprofloxacin (Ci), sulfadiazine (Su) and lincomycin hydrochloride (Lin) were purchased from Aladdin-Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). 96-well plates (Corning 3632) were obtained from Genetimes Technology. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Millipore-Q water was used throughout the experiment.
To eliminate the influence of environmental light, the color images were taken with a scanner in 96-well polystyrene plates.
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3

DNA Extraction and Anticancer Drug Preparation

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Low-molecular DNA from salmon testes (DNA1, <5% protein, A260/280 = 1.4), from fish sperm (DNA2, mol. weight 40–1000 kDa), and from chicken erythrocytes (DNA3, “Reanal”, Budapest, Hungary, average mol. mass 1.2 MDa), doxorubicin hydrochloride (98–102%) (Figure 1a), idarubicin hydrochloride (>98%), daunorubicin hydrochloride (>90%), valrubicin (<100%), cyclophosphamide (EP reference standard), prednisone (dehydrocortisone, >98%), dacarbazine (EP reference standard), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (99%), potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate (98.5–102%), and HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Dortmund, Germany. All solutions were prepared with Millipore Q® water (Simplicity® water purification system, Merck-Millipore, Mosheim, France). Doxorubicin-TEVA® and Doxorubicin-LANS® (lyophilizates for intravascular injection solutions) were purchased at a local pharmacy market.
The PhTz (chemical structure in Figure 1b was synthesized as described elsewhere [57 (link)]. For electropolymerization, it was dissolved in acetone and then mixed with 0.4 M H2SO4 in 1:1 (v/v) ratio. In electropolymerization, the working concentration of PhTz (72 μM) corresponded to its maximal solubility. DNA was dissolved in deionized water.
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4

Cellulose-based Composite Materials

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α-Cellulose from cotton (powder, > 50% of fibers being below 150 µm long) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, while commercial bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP) and commercial bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) were provided by a Portuguese tissue mill. PVA with two different molecular weights (Mw ca. 61,000, 98.0 mol% hydrolysis and Mw ca. 27,000, 98.0 mol% hydrolysis) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
Urea (99.0%), sodium hydroxide, and MBA (99%) were purchased from BDH Chemicals, José Manuel Gomes dos Santos, and Merck, respectively. A dialysis tubing cellulose membrane (molecular weight cutoff, 14,000 Da) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Millipore-Q water was used in all experiments.
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5

Oligonucleotide-based Assay Development

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All oligonucleotide sequences were synthesized and purchased from Sangon Inc. (Shanghai, China). Table S1 in ESI shows the sequences of the oligonucleotides used in the study. All oligonucleotides were HPLC-purified and dissolved in tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (TE) buffer (pH 8.0, 10 mM Tris–HCl, 1 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) and stored at −20 °C, which were diluted in appropriate buffer prior to use. DL20 DNA marker was purchased from Takara (Dalian, China). Gold view (GV) was purchased from SBS Genetech (Beijing, China). Klenow fragment and Nb.BbvCI nicking enzyme were purchased from New England Biolabs Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) were obtained from Sangon Inc. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals not mentioned here were of analytical reagent grade. Millipore-Q water (≥18 MΩ) was used in all experiments. Human serum samples were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt Oxide Catalysts

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All chemicals were directly used as they were received from manufacturers. Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (99%), cobaltous(II) nitrate hexahydrate (99%), hexamethylenetetramine (99%), sodium hydroxide (99.99%), potassium hydroxide (99.99%) and IrO2 powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. About 5 wt% Nafion solution was obtained from Macklin. Sodium hypochlorite solution (with 7% available chlorine), ammonia solution (AR, 28–30 wt%), hydrochloric acid, acetone, and alcohol were obtained from Aladdin. Stainless steel mesh was purchased from Goodfellow. Millipore-Q water (18.2 MΩ) was used for all the measurements and synthesis. The mixed standard gas of oxygen and nitrogen for the GC test was provided by Air Liquide.
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7

Indolicidin-Mediated Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

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Indolicidin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA), Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCL4), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2-mercaptoethanol, PBS, sodium citrate dihydrate, Millipore-Q water, cyanogen bromide, acetonitrile, Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), RPMI1640, MTT, Triton X-100, Brewer thioglycollate medium, Fluconazole, Trizol™ reagent were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
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8

Electrochemical Polymerization of Dyed DNA

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Azure A (dye content 80%), DNA from fish sperm, and chloroform were purchased from Sigma (https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/ accessed on 11 January 2021). All the working solutions were prepared using Millipore Q® water. Electrochemical measurements were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1 M NaNO3 (pH 7.0). In the pH dependence experiments, appropriate pH value was adjusted in the range from pH = 2.0 to 8.0 by adding 0.1 M HCl or NaOH. Saturation of the working buffer with chloroform was performed by mixing in 4:1 volume ratio and stirring for 30 min. After phase separation, the aqueous part was taken for the electropolymerization experiments.
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9

Synthesis and characterization of chiral nanoparticles

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Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), deoxycholic acid (HDC), and sodium citrate (SC) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China) and used without further purification. (R)-(−)-1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl hydrogenphosphate (R-BNDHP) and (S)-(+)-1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl hydrogenphosphate (S-BNDHP) were purchased from Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). NaOH was purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Millipore-Q water was obtained from a Milli-Q device (18.2 MΩ).
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10

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid, zinc nitrate hexahydrate 99.99%, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 98%, N, N-dimethylformamide 99.8% [HCON (CH3)2], ethyl alcohol 99.5% (CH3CH2OH) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Company Ltd. While Palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) 99% was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The Millipore-Q water (15 MΩ cm) was used as solvents in all the conducted experiments. The chemicals mentioned earlier were used in experiments without further purification.
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