After LP, LS, or LC treatment, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood was collected by cardiac puncture, the heart and vasculature were carefully perfused with ice-cold PBS containing heparin (10 U/ml) and brain tissue was removed for lithium determination using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Blood was centrifuged at 1,600 × g at room temperature for 10 min and 100 μl plasma was diluted 10 fold in 10% isopropyl alcohol containing 5% trichloroacetic acid (IPA), vortexed, and incubated for 10 min to precipitate proteins. Supernatants were clarified at 3000 × g for 30 min prior to measuring lithium content (AA-6200, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan at the Interdisciplinary Research Facility at USF). Each brain was divided coronally, the front half was rinsed with PBS, weighed, suspended in an equal volume of concentrated HNO3, heated for 1 h at 100 °C, cooled to room temperature, centrifuged at 3000 × g for 1 h, and the supernatant was diluted 10 fold in 10% isopropyl alcohol prior to measuring lithium content using AAS (Shimadzu AA-6200). Peak absorbance were determined referring to values obtained for standards 1% HNO3 lithium solution (HIGH-PURITY STANDARDS, Charleston, SC, USA).
Aa 6200
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan, United States
The Shimadzu AA-6200 is an atomic absorption spectrometer designed for the analysis of trace elements in various samples. It is a high-performance instrument capable of accurate and precise measurements. The core function of the AA-6200 is to determine the concentration of specific elements in a sample through the absorption of light by atoms in the sample.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Zetasizer nano z, by Malvern Panalytical (3 mentions)
U 3310, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Eca 600 spectrometer, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Chns o analyzer 2400ii, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
V 650 spectrometer, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Ft ir 4200 spectrometer, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Rtx 5 column, by Restek (1 mentions)
Multi element certified standard solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Uv 1601 pc, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Rid 6a, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Agilent 7900, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Stem 5500, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
2010f microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Fp910, by PG Instruments (1 mentions)
Jem 3200fs, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Varian aa240, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Vapro 5600, by Wescor (1 mentions)
Ethos ez digestion system microwave, by Milestone (1 mentions)
Jem 2010, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Em208 s electron microscope, by Philips (1 mentions)
35 protocols using aa 6200
1
Lithium Quantification in Plasma and Brain
2
Immunoglobulins and Trace Minerals in Cows and Calves
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The blood samples (10 mL) of all the cows were collected via the jugular vein into the evacuated tubes (MediPlus, Sunphoria Co., Ltd, China), without any anticoagulant, on d 23 and 6 before the calving date, and d 1, 21 and 50 after calving, 3 h after morning feeding. Moreover, blood samples of all calves were collected on d 3 after the birth. After centrifugation (1,500 × g; 15 min) of the blood samples, the obtained serum was stored at −20 °C.
The immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA Kits (supplied by PT Co., Tehran, Iran) were used for spectrophotometrically determinations of the IgA and IgM concentrations at a wavelength of 450 nm. The spectrophotometric assays were used to measure the blood serum Zn and Cu using analytical kits of Biorexfars Co. (Shiraz, Iran). The Mn concentration was determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer (AA-6200, Shimadzu, Japan).
The immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA Kits (supplied by PT Co., Tehran, Iran) were used for spectrophotometrically determinations of the IgA and IgM concentrations at a wavelength of 450 nm. The spectrophotometric assays were used to measure the blood serum Zn and Cu using analytical kits of Biorexfars Co. (Shiraz, Iran). The Mn concentration was determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer (AA-6200, Shimadzu, Japan).
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Catalytic Compounds
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All solvents
used for the synthesis of the ligand and catalytic reaction (THF,
toluene, CH2Cl2, and MeCN) were purified over
a Glass Contour Solvent Dispending System under an Ar atmosphere.
Other reagents of the highest grade that were commercially available
were used without further purification. Atomic absorption analysis
was performed on a Shimadzu AA-6200. Elemental analysis was performed
on a Perkin-Elmer CHNS/O Analyzer 2400II. GC analysis was performed
on a Shimadzu GC2010 gas chromatograph with an Rtx-5 column (Restek,
length = 30 m, i.d. = 0.25 mm, and thickness = 0.25 μm). IR
spectra were recorded on a JASCO FT/IR 4200 spectrometer. NMR spectra
were recorded on a JEOL ECA-600 spectrometer. UV–vis spectra
of solution samples were recorded on a JASCO V650 spectrometer, and
solid reflectance spectra were recorded on the same instrument with
a PIN-757 integrating sphere attachment for solid. Nitrogen sorption
studies were performed at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) using
Micromeritics TriStar 3000. Before the adsorption experiments, the
samples were outgassed under reduced pressure for 3 h at 333 K.
used for the synthesis of the ligand and catalytic reaction (THF,
toluene, CH2Cl2, and MeCN) were purified over
a Glass Contour Solvent Dispending System under an Ar atmosphere.
Other reagents of the highest grade that were commercially available
were used without further purification. Atomic absorption analysis
was performed on a Shimadzu AA-6200. Elemental analysis was performed
on a Perkin-Elmer CHNS/O Analyzer 2400II. GC analysis was performed
on a Shimadzu GC2010 gas chromatograph with an Rtx-5 column (Restek,
length = 30 m, i.d. = 0.25 mm, and thickness = 0.25 μm). IR
spectra were recorded on a JASCO FT/IR 4200 spectrometer. NMR spectra
were recorded on a JEOL ECA-600 spectrometer. UV–vis spectra
of solution samples were recorded on a JASCO V650 spectrometer, and
solid reflectance spectra were recorded on the same instrument with
a PIN-757 integrating sphere attachment for solid. Nitrogen sorption
studies were performed at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) using
Micromeritics TriStar 3000. Before the adsorption experiments, the
samples were outgassed under reduced pressure for 3 h at 333 K.
4
Mineral Constituents Analysis Protocol
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Mineral constituents (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P, Zn, and Fe) were determined using an atomic absorption flame emission spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer model AA-6200 from Shimadzu 7000, Tokyo, Japan). In addition, 1000 mg L−1 multielement certified standard solution (Merck, Germany) was used as a stock solution for instrument standardization as reported by AOAC [40 ].
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles
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The SeNPs were produced by irradiating Se pellets using the nanosecond laser pumped by a 20 Hz Q-switched Nd:YAG laser powered at 20 mJ. The determination of the concentration of the solution was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA-6200; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with an Se lamp (L2433-34NQ; Hamamatsu, Boston, MA, USA). Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential (ZP) of SeNPs were characterized using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) system (Zetasizer Nano ZS; Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at 25°C. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) (JOEL 2010F) and atomic resolution microscope (ARM, JOEL ARM 200F) were used to acquire images of the SeNPs to determine the size and shape of the nanoparticles using the Cs probe at a voltage of 200 kV with a spatial resolution of 0.75 Å. The specially resolved elemental analysis was performed by X-ray emission spectroscopy attachment to the HRTEM.
6
Calcination and Elemental Analysis
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One gram of powder was placed in a muffle furnace for calcination process (Tony Güller Orselina Zürich MOD L 51/5) at 550 °C for 4 hours.31 Then the magnesium, iron and calcium concentrations in the samples were determined by an atomic absorption flame spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU AA-6200).
7
Quantitative Intracellular Cadmium Assay
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Bacterial pellets obtained from cultures exposed 24 h to the conditions of interest were dissolved using 7 N HNO3 during 16 h at 37°C. 100 μL samples were mixed with 3.9 mL miliQ water and Cd was quantified in a flame emission spectrometer AA6200 (Shimadzu). Cd calibration curve was built using a commercial Cd standard (Sigma Aldrich). The intracellular Cd content was normalized by the number of cells.
8
Heavy Metal and Nitric Oxide Analysis
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To determine the heavy metal (Pb and Cd) concentrations of shoots, stems, and roots, samples (0.5 g) were dissolved in 2 mL of H2O2 (30%) and 2 mL of HNO3 (67%). Then, the obtained solution was added to 10% KI, 10% HCl, and 5% ascorbic acid. To analyze Pb and Cd accumulation, the solution was transferred to an atomic absorption spectrometer (HG-AAS) (Shimadzu AA-6200) using optimal standards [33 (link)]. Nitric oxide concentrations were obtained by analyzing the conversion of oxygen-hemoglobin to methemoglobin. For this purpose, shoot, stem, and root samples (0.5 g) were dissolved in 3 mL of buffer (pH 6.0) with the addition of 0.1 M sodium acetate mixed with 1 M NaCl and 1% (w/v) ascorbic acid. Then, it was centrifuged for 30 min at 8000× g at 4 °C [34 (link),35 (link)].
9
Leaf Mg and P Determination
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Approximately 50 mg fresh leaf sample was digested with HNO3 and H2O2 (v/v, 2:1). After digestion, Mg2+ was measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AA-6200, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), and the total P concentration was determined using a UV-spectrophotometer (U-3310, Hitachi Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) following the molybdenum reaction solution method suggested by Chen et al. [37 (link)].
10
Elemental and Cell Wall Analysis of Plant Material
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The plant material was gathered and dried in an oven set at 60°C. One gram of
sample was placed in a stainless steel capsule for calcination in a muffle
furnace at 550°C for 4 hours. After cooling, the ash was combined with
hydrochloric acid 2N. The solution is then filtered by Whatman filter paper,
into a volumetric flask of 25 mL, and the magnesium, iron, and calcium
concentrations in the samples were estimated by an atomic absorption flame
spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU AA-6200).
The determination of constituents for plant cell walls such as cellulose,
hemicelluloses, and lignin were determined according to the analytical model
by Van Soest et al21 (link)
from the neutral detergent-insoluble residue (NDF), the insoluble
residue, and acid detergent (ADF).
sample was placed in a stainless steel capsule for calcination in a muffle
furnace at 550°C for 4 hours. After cooling, the ash was combined with
hydrochloric acid 2N. The solution is then filtered by Whatman filter paper,
into a volumetric flask of 25 mL, and the magnesium, iron, and calcium
concentrations in the samples were estimated by an atomic absorption flame
spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU AA-6200).
The determination of constituents for plant cell walls such as cellulose,
hemicelluloses, and lignin were determined according to the analytical model
by Van Soest et al21 (link)
from the neutral detergent-insoluble residue (NDF), the insoluble
residue, and acid detergent (ADF).
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