Zinquin ethyl ester

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Zinquin ethyl ester is a fluorescent compound used in research applications to detect and quantify the presence of zinc ions in biological samples. It functions as a zinc-specific fluorescent probe, allowing for the visualization and analysis of zinc distribution and concentrations within cells and tissues.

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9 protocols using zinquin ethyl ester

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

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Zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)₂, 99.99%), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw = 10000), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30 wt. % in H₂O), manganese(II) chloride (MnCl₂, 99%), zinc chloride (ZnCl₂, 99.999%), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs, 20 wt. % in H₂O), zinquin ethyl ester (95%), 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS, 99.5%), sodium acetate (99%), acetic acid (99.7%), 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA, 97%), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT, 97.5%), and propidium iodide (PI, 94%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Apoptosis kit with annexin V-FITC and PI, hydrogen peroxide assay kit, and calcein-AM were obtained from Fisher Scientific.

Lin L.S., Wang J.F., Song J., Liu Y., Zhu G., Dai Y., Shen Z., Tian R., Song J., Wang Z., Tang W., Yu G., Zhou Z., Yang Z., Huang T., Niu G., Yang H.H., Chen Z.Y, & Chen X. (2019). Cooperation of endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species induced by zinc peroxide nanoparticles to enhance oxidative stress-based cancer therapy. Theranostics, 9(24), 7200-7209.

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Intracellular Zinc Accumulation in HepG2 Cells

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The accumulation of intracellular Zn ions in HepG2 cells after 3 h of exposure to various concentrations of ZnO NPs with the presence of BSA or 200 µM LNA was measured by using a fluorescent probe Zinquin ethyl ester (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), as we previously described [13 (link)].

Zhou Y., Fang X., Gong Y., Xiao A., Xie Y., Liu L, & Cao Y. (2017). The Interactions between ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) and α-Linolenic Acid (LNA) Complexed to BSA Did Not Influence the Toxicity of ZnO NPs on HepG2 Cells. Nanomaterials, 7(4), 91.

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Zinquin Staining of Borrelia burgdorferi

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For examination of Bb morphology, cells were examined
under dark field microscopy at 40× magnification. Zinquin-dependent
fluorescence was monitored by microscopy of Bb cells
essentially as described.^{43 (link)}5×107 Bb cells were harvested by centrifugation at 1,000
× g for 10 minutes. Cells were washed twice with HN Buffer (20 mM NaCl,
50 mM HEPES, pH 7.6), resuspended in 500 μL HN buffer and incubated at
room temperature for 5 minutes. A 5 mM stock of zinquin ethyl ester (Sigma)
dissolved in DMSO was diluted 1:2 in HN buffer and added to cells at a final
concentration of 25 μM followed by incubation at 34°C for 30
minutes. Cells were subsequently stained with PKH26 Red Fluorescent dye for
membranes (Sigma) using 2 μL of dye diluted according to
manufacturer’s specifications followed by incubation for 5 minutes at
room temperature. The staining was terminated by the addition of 500 μL
BSK II medium. Cells were subsequently washed twice in HN Buffer, resuspended in
100 μL HN buffer and subjected to 40× fluorescence microscopy and
imaging using a Zeiss Observer.Z1 microscope equipped with an Apotome VH optical
sectioning grid.

Besold A.N., Culbertson E.M., Nam L., Hobbs R.P., Boyko A., Maxwell C.N., Chazin W.J., Marques A.R, & Culotta V.C. (2018). Antimicrobial action of calprotectin that does not involve metal withholding. Metallomics : integrated biometal science, 10(12), 1728-1742.

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Fluorescent Staining of Neuronal Zinc and Calcium

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For fluorescent Zn-staining and Ca-staining of cultured neurons, growth medium was discarded and the cells were washed with PBS. Coverslips were incubated with a solution of 5 μM Zinpyr1 or 4 μM Fluo4AM, respectively, in PBS for 1 h at RT. To validate zinc-binding capacity of mutated S100B, infected primary neurons were incubated with 25 μM Zinquin ethyl ester (Sigma Aldrich) at RT for 1 h. Afterwards, coverslips were rinsed with PBS and neurons were fixed with 4% PFA/4% sucrose/PBS at 4°C for 20 min, counterstained with DAPI and finally mounted with Vecta Mount.

Hagmeyer S., Cristóvão J.S., Mulvihill J.J., Boeckers T.M., Gomes C.M, & Grabrucker A.M. (2018). Zinc Binding to S100B Affords Regulation of Trace Metal Homeostasis and Excitotoxicity in the Brain. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 10, 456.

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Quantifying Intracellular Zinc Levels

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The accumulation of intracellular Zn ions was measured by using a fluorescent probe zinquin ethyl ester (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). Briefly, HASMCs were seeded in black 96-well plates and exposed to various concentrations of NPs. After 3-hour exposure, intracellular Zn ions inside adherent cells were determined by zinquin ethyl ester as previously described.14 (link)

Wang M., Yang Q., Long J., Ding Y., Zou X., Liao G, & Cao Y. (2018). A comparative study of toxicity of TiO2, ZnO, and Ag nanoparticles to human aortic smooth-muscle cells. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 13, 8037-8049.

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Measuring Intracellular Zinc in Macrophages

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The accumulation of intracellular Zn ions in THP-1 macrophages was measured by using a fluorescent probe Zinquin ethyl ester (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), as we previously described.^{7 (link)}

Gong Y., Li X., Liao G., Ding Y., Li J, & Cao Y. (2018). Cytotoxicity and ER stress–apoptosis gene expression in ZnO nanoparticle exposed THP-1 macrophages: influence of pre-incubation with BSA or palmitic acids complexed to BSA. RSC Advances, 8(28), 15380-15388.

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Immunofluorescent Labeling of TMAs

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Cells were fixed with 2.5% formalin in PBS for 10 minutes, and then the cells were rinsed with Tris-Buffered Saline-0.5% Tween (TBST) four times, permeabilized with 1% SDS in PBS, and blocked with Serum Free Blocker (SFB, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) for 60 minutes, at RT. The sections were rinsed in TBST, and after the third wash, 25 mmol/L of zinquin ethylester (Sigma-Aldrich, St.
Louis, MO, USA) was added. Slides were washed, mounted with fluorescent mounting medium (SFB, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) and visualized by using a LSM700 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen, Germany).
For immunofluorescence of TMAs, samples were cut in 4 µm sections from the TMA block, rehydrated and antigen retrieval was on a FLUOstar OPTIMA plate reader (BMG Labtech, Ortenberg, Germany).

Suzuki M., Ramezanpour M., Cooksley C., Lee T.J., Jeong B., Kao S., Suzuki T., Psaltis A.J., Nakamaru Y., Homma A., Wormald P.J, & Vreugde S. (2020). Zinc-depletion associates with tissue eosinophilia and collagen depletion in chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology, 58(5).

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HNE and Prostaglandin Derivatives Assay

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HNE, 15-deoxy-Δ12 (link)14 (link)-prostaglandin J₂ (15d-PGJ₂), prostaglandin A₁ (PGA₁) and their biotinylated derivatives were from Cayman Chemical. Diamide, DBB, Iac-B, TPEN, Z-LLL o MG132, Zinquin acid and Zinquin ethyl ester, anti-actin, anti-tubulin and anti-vimentin antibodies were obtained from Sigma. Monoclonal anti-Hsp90 (sc-7947), anti-Lamp1 (sc-20011) anti-vimentin V9 antibody (sc-6260) and its Alexa488, Alexa405 and agarose conjugates were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Purified recombinant Syrian hamster vimentin (accession number AH001833) was from Cytoskeleton, Inc. Anti-HNE Michael adducts were obtained from Calbiochem. The monoclonal anti-tubulin P1C3 antibody was the generous gift of Dr Isabel Barasoaín (Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain). LTR, phalloidin-Alexa468 and phalloidin-Alexa568 were from Molecular Probes. Pefablock protease inhibitor was from Roche.

Pérez-Sala D., Oeste C.L., Martínez A.E., Carrasco M.J., Garzón B, & Cañada F.J. (2015). Vimentin filament organization and stress sensing depend on its single cysteine residue and zinc binding. Nature Communications, 6, 7287.

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Intracellular ROS and Zinc Levels Assay

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Intracellular ROS levels were measured using a cellular ROS assay kit from Abcam (ab113851). This assay kit is based on a cell-permeant fluorescent probe, 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), a chemically reduced form of fluorescein used as an indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. The cells were seeded at a density of 20,000 per well in a black 96-well plate. After 24 h of culture, the medium was replaced with freshly prepared growth media containing ZIF-8 crystals at different concentrations of 0, 12.5 and 25 μg/ml. After 24 h of incubation, cells were washed and added with H2DCFDA. After 45 min of incubation, the H2DCFDA solution was removed and washed with PBS. Finally, a fluorescence microplate reader at Ex/Em = 485/538 nm in end point mode was used to quantify the ROS levels. Intracellular zinc levels were determined in a similar manner, whereas another cell-permeant fluorescent probe, Zinquin ethyl ester from Sigma, was used to quantify the intracellular zinc levels. A fluorescence microplate reader at Ex/Em = 355/460 nm in end point mode was used to quantify the zinc levels.

Kota D., Kang L., Rickel A., Liu J., Smith S., Hong Z, & Wang C. (2021). Low doses of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles alter the actin organization and contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells. Journal of hazardous materials, 414, 125514.

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