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43 protocols using epidermal growth factor (egf)

1

Generating Mammary Epithelial Cell Subpopulations

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HMLER
cells naturally
repressing E-cadherin, obtained from human mammary epithelial cells
infected with a retrovirus carrying hTERT, SV40, and the oncogenic
allele H-rasV12, were cultured in DMEM/F12 (Gibco,
31331–028) supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 μg/mL insulin
(Sigma-Aldrich, I0516), 0.5 μg/mL hydrocortisone (Sigma-Aldrich,
H0888), and 0.5 μg/mL puromycin (Life Technologies, A11138-02);
cells were a generous gift from Alain Puisieux (INSERM). All cells
were incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2. HMLER CD44low/high cells stained with CD24-APC and CD44-PE
antibodies were sorted by FACS using an Aria IIu (BD Biosciences)
to obtain isolated CD24low/CD44high and CD24high/CD44low cell populations. HMLER CD24low/CD44high cells were supplemented with 10 ng/mL human
epidermal growth factor (EGF, Miltenyi Biotec, 130-093-750, 100 ng/mL),
while HMLER CD24high/CD44low cells were grown
without EGF. MCF10A cells (ATCC, CRL-10317) were cultured in DMEM/F12
supplemented with 10% horse serum (Invitrogen, 16050-122), 10 μg/mL
insulin, 10 ng/mL EGF, 0.5 μg/mL hydrocortisone, 100 ng/mL cholera
toxin (Sigma-Aldrich, C8052), and 1 × PenStrep (Invitrogen, 15070-063).
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2

Neuroblastoma PDX Characterization and Culture

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Two human neuroblastoma PDXs, COA3 and COA6, were utilized for experimentation. These PDXs were developed as described below. Individual cells were obtained by dissociating the COA3 and COA6 xenograft tumors using a Tumor Dissociation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, San Diego, CA) per manufacturer’s protocol, and resuspended in neurobasal medium (NB) (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with B-27 without Vitamin A (Life Technologies), N2 (Life Technologies), amphotericin B (250  μg/mL), gentamicin (50μg/mL), L-glutamine (2 mM), epidermal growth factor (10 ng/mL; Miltenyi Biotec), and fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/mL; Miltenyi Biotec). Following dissociation, cells were maintained at 37 °C with 5% CO2 overnight prior to use for experimentation. Both COA3 and COA6 cells were verified within the last 12 months using short tandem repeat analysis [Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, (UAB), Birmingham, AL]. Real-time qPCR was performed to assess the percentage of human and mouse DNA contained in the COA3 and COA6 PDXs to ensure that the tumors did not harbor murine contamination (TRENDD RNA/DNA Isolation and TaqMan QPCR/Genotyping Core Facility, UAB, Birmingham, AL).
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3

Generation of Functional iPSC-Derived Neural Cells

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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) used were karyotypically normal and mycoplasma negative. iPSCs were cultured in T25 ultra-low attachment culture flasks (Corning) as non-adherent neural progenitor cell aggregates in Stemline medium (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 100 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (Miltenyi), 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor (Stem Cell Technologies), 5 μg/ml heparin (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.5% N2 (Life Technologies) in humidified incubators at 37°C and 5.0% CO2. Subsequently, neural progenitor cells were differentiated into neurons and astrocytes as previously described (Ebert et al., 2013 (link)). Briefly, cells were dissociated with TrypLE (Life Technologies) and seeded onto Matrigel (Corning) coated glass coverslips at 2.6×104 cells/cm2. For differentiation, GFAP+ astrocytes and Tuj1+ neurons were grown in Neurobasal medium (Life Technologies) supplemented with 2% B27 (Life Technologies) and Antibiotic-Antimycotic (Life Technologies) for 1–2 weeks. Following differentiation, iPSC-derived astrocytes exhibit functional calcium responses to ATP (McGivern et al., 2013 (link)) and potassium currents (Ebert et al., 2013 (link)), and iPSC-derived neurons exhibit NR2B NMDA receptor expression (Schwab et al., 2017 (link)) and appropriate electrophysiological properties (2012 (link); The Hd iPsc Consortium, 2012 (link))
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4

Establishment and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma PDXs

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Three group 3 medulloblastoma xenografts [21 (link), 22 ] established from pediatric patients were used for experiments: D341 Med (D341), D384 Med (D384), and D425 Med (D425); kindly provided by Darell D. Bigner, MD, PhD, Duke University Medical Center [23 (link), 24 (link)]. The xenografts were maintained through serial passage in athymic nude mice (Envigo, Pratville, AL). Tumors were harvested and cells were dissociated using a Tumor Dissociation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, San Diego, CA) per manufacturer’s protocol. Cells were then washed in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium, spun (150 × g × 6 minutes), and debris removed using a 70 μm cell strainer (Corning Inc., Corning, NY). The cells were maintained under standard culture conditions at 37°C and 5% CO2, in neurobasal (NB) medium (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with B-27 supplement without Vitamin A (Life Technologies), N2 supplement (Life Technologies), amphotericin B (250 μg/mL), gentamicin (50 μg/mL), L-glutamine (2 mM), epidermal growth factor (10 ng/mL; Miltenyi Biotec), and fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/mL; Miltenyi Biotec). All three medulloblastoma human PDXs were verified within the last 12 months using short tandem repeat analysis (Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, UAB, Birmingham, AL).
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5

Sphere-Forming Assay for Tumor Cells

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A sphere-forming assay was performed according to a previously published method (15 (link)) with minor modifications. Briefly, cell suspensions (1.0×103 cells/well) were seeded in 6-well ultralow attachment plates (Corning, Inc.) in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) containing 20 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor, 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (both from Miltenyi Biotec, Inc.) and 2 mM L-glutamine (Mediatech, Inc., Manassas, VA, USA). After culturing for 7 days, the size and number of tumor spheres were evaluated using light microscopy (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
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6

Isolation and Differentiation of Glioma-Derived BTICs

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We used primary BTICs that were isolated from freshly resected human gliomas, as described (10). Specimen sampling and BTIC culture were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Regensburg (No° 09/101) and all patients gave written informed consent. BTICs were kept in DMEM low glucose medium (DMEM with 1 g/L of glucose; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, #D6046) containing Epidermal Growth Factor (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, #130-097-751) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, #130-093-842) supplemented with 50 U (v/v) Penicillin, 0.05% (v/v) Streptomycin (#P4333), 2 mM (v/v) L-Glutamine (#G7513), 1% (v/v) MEM Vitamin Solution (#M6895), and 1% (v/v) non-essential amino acids (#M7145) (all Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). For differentiation, growth factors were withdrawn, and cells were exposed to 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) for at least two weeks. Cells were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2, 95% humidity in a standard tissue culture incubator.
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7

Glioblastoma Cell Lines Protocol

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GSC11, GSC23, and GBM3752 cell lines were originally established from fresh surgical specimens of glioblastoma multiforme at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center [20 (link), 21 (link)]. GSC11 and GSC23 were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) (Mediatech Inc., Manassas, VA, USA) supplemented with B27 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA, USA), 20 ng/ml of basic fibroblast growth factor (Miltenyi Biotec), and 2 mM L-glutamine (Mediatech Inc.) without serum (designated as “stem cell medium”). Cells were cultured in a humidified incubator maintained at 37 °C with 5 % CO2. GBM3752 cells were obtained from GBM patients undergoing surgery at Texas Children’s Hospital and maintained in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice orthotopically [22 (link)]. The cells were freshly isolated from the tumors and cultured in stem cell medium for in vitro study within the first five passages. For serum treatment, cells were cultured in the stem cell medium with 5 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) with or without various concentrations of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
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8

Establishment and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma PDXs

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Three Group 3 medulloblastoma xenografts52 (link),53 (link) established from pediatric patients were used for experiments: D341 Med (D341), D384 Med (D384), and D425 Med (D425). These tumors were generously provided by Darell D. Bigner, MD, PhD, Duke Medical Center29 (link),30 (link). The xenografts were maintained in athymic nude mice (Envigo, Pratville, AL). After tumors were harvested, the cells were dissociated using a Tumor Dissociation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, San Diego, CA) per manufacturer’s protocol. All cell lines were maintained in neurobasal medium (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with B-27 supplement without Vitamin A (Life Technologies), N2 supplement (Life Technologies), amphotericin B (250 μg/mL), gentamicin (50 μg/mL), L-glutamine (2 mM), epidermal growth factor (10 ng/mL; Miltenyi Biotec) and fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/mL; Miltenyi Biotec). The cells were kept under standard conditions at 37 °C and 5% CO2. All three medulloblastoma PDXs were verified within the last 12 months using short tandem repeat analysis (Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, UAB, Birmingham, AL).
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9

CSC Sphere Formation and Quantification

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In total, 100,000 cells were seeded in a non-adherent plates with CSC medium (DMEM F12 supplemented with 1X B27™ (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), 10 ng/mL Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), and 10 ng/mL Epidermal Growth Factor (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Medium was renewed every 4 days by low speed centrifugation (5 min, 800 rpm). Tumor-spheres were allowed to develop for 21 days (primary spheres). To generate secondary spheres, primary ones were disaggregated with trypsin and seeded again for 2 additional weeks. Images were captured with an Axio Vert microscope (A-Plan 5×/0.12 objective, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), and evaluated with Carl Zeiss ZEN 2.3 SP1 (black) software. Quantification of spheres area was performed using ImageJ software, evaluating random quadruplicates.
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10

Cultivation and Differentiation of BTICs

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BTICs were derived from resected, newly diagnosed human malignant gliomas as previously described [12 (link)]. The sampling of tumor specimens and enrichment of BTICs was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Regensburg (No° 09/101), and all patients gave written informed consent. We used the following core set of lines for our experiments: BTIC-8, BTIC-11, BTIC-13, and BTIC-18 (Supplementary Table S1). BTICs were kept in DMEM low glucose medium (DMEM with 1 g/L of glucose; Sigma-Aldrich, #D6046) containing Epidermal Growth Factor (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-097-751, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-093-842, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) supplemented with 50 U (v/v) Penicillin, 0.05% (v/v) Streptomycin (#P4333), 2 mM (v/v) L-Glutamine (#G7513), 1% (v/v) MEM Vitamin Solution (#M6895), and 1% (v/v) non-essential amino acids (#M7145) (all Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA). For differentiation, growth factors were withdrawn, and cells were exposed to fetal calf serum (FCS) for at least two weeks. Cells were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2, 95% humidity in a standard cell culture incubator. All experiments were performed with mycoplasma-free cells.
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