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Dharmafect duo

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Belgium, United States

Dharmafect Duo is a transfection reagent designed for efficient delivery of siRNA, miRNA, and plasmid DNA into a variety of mammalian cell lines. It is a combination of cationic lipids and other proprietary components that facilitate the uptake of nucleic acids into cells.

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15 protocols using dharmafect duo

1

Inducible miRNA Expression in Cancer Cells

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Using the BLOCK-iT™ Pol II miR RNAi Expression Vector Kit (Life Technologies; K4935-00), oligonucleotides were ligated into pcDNA6.2™-GW/EmGFP-miR-vector to target gene of interest. The Gateway® BP-Clonase® II Enzyme mix (Life technologies, 11789-020) was used to transfer sequences into the shuttling vector pDONR™ 221-vector (Life technologies, 12536-017). For generation of expression plasmids, the pRTS-plasmid55, a Puromycin-selectable and doxycycline-inducible expression vector was modified to contain a Gateway cassette, V5 and His-tag epitope. miRNAs were cloned into this vector using the Gateway LR-clonase® II enzyme mix (Life technologies, 11791-100) according to manufactures instruction. PC-3M-luc2 or DU145 cells were transfected with expression vector or empty control vector using Dharmafect Duo (Thermo Scientific, T-2010-01). Puromycin (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA, P8733, 5 μg/ml) was administered to cells 24 h post transfection for selection of successfully transfected cells. After reaching the appropriate cell density doxycycline (2 μg/ml) was added 24 h before injection or transplantation of cells into mice.
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2

Boyden Chamber Cell Invasion Assay

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Boyden chamber cell invasion assays were performed as previously described by us30 (link), using either denatured collagen (BD Biosciences) or type IV human collagen (BD Biosciences), with all experiments repeated, each in N = 4 replicates. In some experiments, as indicated, cells were transfected with an expression plasmid, using Lipofectamine 2000™ (Invitrogen), or with siRNA, using DharmaFect Duo (Thermo Scientific) and co-transfected with β-Galactosidase (Plasmid pCMV•SPORT-βgal; Life Technology).
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3

Cardiac Injection of miR-22 and Exosomes

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With the chest open, synthetic oligonucleotides pretreated with 15 µl Dharmafect Duo (Thermo) were injected into the myocardium through an insulin syringe with a 29-gauge needle (BD). The dosages used per mouse were 80 ng miR-22 mimic, 1 nmol Mecp2 siRNAs On-TARGETplus SMART pool (a pool of four target-specific 20–25 nt siRNAs; Thermo). One µg exosomes (Exonon-IPC, ExoIPC, ExoIPC+miR-22 Inhibitor) were injected along the border between infarct zone and normal myocardium after LAD.
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4

Validation of miRNA-target interactions

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Confirmation of miR-149-binding to the 3′ UTR of ABCC3 and of miR-378 and miR-422-binding to the 3′ UTR of TMEM45B. HEK 293 cells at 80% confluency were co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmids harboring the complete 3′-UTR of the desired gene (SwitchGear Genomics) along with 100 nM of each miR-mimic or miRNA control (Sigma). DharmaFECT Duo (Thermo Scientific) was used as the transfection reagent in Opti-MEM (Life Technologies). Luminescence was assayed 24 hours later using LightSwitch Assay Reagents (SwitchGear Genomics) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Knockdown was assessed by calculating luciferase signal ratios for specific miRNA/non-targeting control, using empty reporter vector as control for non-specific effects. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. t -test was performed for wells from multiple experiments, and we compared mimic-transfected cells with a mimic control for each gene vector.
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5

LSD1 Knockdown in Prostate Cancer Cells

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PC-3M-luc cells and DU145 cells were cultured in EMEM (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland, 12–125) supplemented with 10% FCS, 1% L-glutamine (Lonza, BE17-605E) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Lonza, DE17-602E). RNAi knockdown was performed using Dharmafect 2 (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, T-2002-01) in PC-3M cells and Dharmafect 4 (Thermo Scientific, T-2004-01) in DU145 cells using 25 nM siRNA according to the manufacturer's instruction. For knockdown of LSD1 the following siRNAs were used: siCtrl: 5′-AACGTACGCGGAATACTTCGA-3′ and siLSD1 5′-acacaaggaaag cuagaagaa-3′. For others siCtrl 5′-GAAAGTCCTAGATCCACACGCAAAT-3′, siLPAR6 5′-UCAGCAUGGUGUUUGUGCUUGGGUU-3′, siPXN 5′-CATACCCAACTGGAAACCACACATA-3′, siTLN1 5′-CATTGTACTTGATACGGCCAGTGAT-3′, siZYX 5′-CAGGGAGAAGGTGAGCAGTATTGAT-3′ and siPIK3R2 5′-CCCTCAGGAAAGGCGGGAACAATA-3′. Dharmafect Duo (Thermo Scientific, T-2010-01) was used for plasmid transfection as described in the manual. Puromycin (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA, P8733, 5 μg/ml) was administered to cells 24 h post transfection. 293T cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 1% L-glutamine and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Viral production was performed as described.12 (link) PC-3M cells were infected with FU-GFP or FU-GFP-LSD1 and subjected to migration assay 24 h post transduction.
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6

Silencing CD95L in Glioblastoma Cells

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The shRNA sequences were cloned into Promega pGeneClip vectors by PCR-based outward full vector amplification, followed by head-to-head ligation with the following PCR primer sequences:
SCRMBL control sequence (5′→3′):
Sense-oligo: tgtca ATAGCTCTAGTAGCGCTAGC gcagtctggagtttcaaaagtagac.
Anti-oligo: ggaag ATAGCTCTAGTAGCGCTAGC gagatcttgggcctctgcc.
CD95L sequence (5′→3′):
Sense-oligo: gagacATTAGGTGAGTTGAGGAGCTAcgcagtctggagtttcaaaagtagac.
Anti-oligo: gagacATTAGGTGAGTTGAGGAGCTAcgagatcttgggcctctgcc.
Sense-oligos were obtained containing a 5′-phosphorylation for ligation. Target sequences (reverse complement) are shown in upper case. All vectors were sequence verified before transfection. Transfection of U87-MG and U251-MG cells with sh[SCRMBL] or sh[CD95L] vectors was performed using Dharmafect Duo (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Transfected cells were selected starting 2 days after transfection using increasing amounts of puromycin over a period of 2 weeks and subsequently cultured in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS and 1 μg/ml puromycin. Endogenous levels of CD95L in the sh[SCRMBL] and sh[CD95L] vector transfected cells were quantified by ELISA analysis of 50 μg whole-cell lysate proteins with an ELISA set-up developed at Apogenix using a calibration curve of APG293.
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7

Silencing Rat CaMKIIδ in Cardiomyocytes

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Rat CaMKIIδ-specific siRNA and control siRNA (Horizon Discovery) were resuspended at 20 µM in distilled water. One day after plating, primary cardiomyocytes were transfected were transfected with DharmaFECT® Duo (Thermo Scientific) using 100 nM of siRNA per well.
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8

Validating miR-107-CCND1 mRNA Interaction

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Confirmation of miR-107-binding to the 3′-UTR of CCDN1. HEK 293 cells at 80% confluency were co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmids harboring the complete 3′-UTR of the desired gene (SwitchGear Genomics) along with 100nM of miR107-mimic or miRNA control (Sigma). DharmaFECT Duo (Thermo Scientific) was used as the transfection reagent in Opti-MEM (Life Technologies). Luminescence was assayed 24 hours later using LightSwitch Assay Reagents (SwitchGear Genomics) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Knockdown was assessed by calculating luciferase signal ratios for specific miRNA/non-targeting control, using empty reporter vector as control for non-specific effects. Each experiment was performed in triplicate
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9

Dual Luciferase Assay for miRNA Targets

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Partial sequences of AXL, CD68, MDM4, DICER1, and SPRY4 3′UTR and CDS containing putative let-7a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-320a-3p, or miR-34a-5p target sites were cloned (Genecust, Boynes, France) into the pmirGLO Dual Luciferase miRNA target expression vector (Promega, Leiden, Netherlands) downstream of the firefly luciferase gene. The day prior transfection, A375 cells were seeded at a density of 25 × 103–50 × 103 cells/well in a 24-well plate. Cells were transiently transfected with 500 ng plasmid and 50 nM miRNA mimic or negative control for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h using Dharmafect Duo (Thermo Scientific, Gent, Belgium). Samples were lysed with 1× Passive Lysis Buffer (Promega, Leiden, Netherlands) and luciferase activities were measured consecutively according to the manufacturer’s instructions using the Cytation 5 Cell Imaging Multi-Mode Reader (BioSPX B.V., Biotek, Highland Park, TX, USA). The Firefly/Renilla activity ratios of mimic-treated samples were calculated and normalized to the respective ratios of the negative control-treated samples for each construct and each time point. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism Version 8.0.2. ns, not significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001; **** p ≤ 0.0001.
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10

Assay for MEK4-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation

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Constructs were purchased or gifts: constitutive active MEK4EE (MAP2K4-EE; residues 37-399; Addgene, plasmid 14813), pRL-TK-Renilla luciferase (Promega), pCMV-β-galactosidase (Agilent Technologies), and pcDNA-GFP (Invitrogen), HSP90β was from Pawel Bieganowski (Mossakowski Medical Research Center PAS, Poland)34 (link), estrogen-responsive promoter-luciferase reporter construct, pERE-Luc, was from Craig Jordan (Georgetown University)35 (link), human CDC37 in pET15b plasmid was from Avrom Caplan (City College of New York)36 (link). siRNA used Dharmacon ON-Targetplus SMARTpool™ siRNA directed against HSP90β (cat # L-005187-00-0010) non-targeting siRNA (cat # D-001810-10-05) used TransIT-LT1 Transfection Reagent (Mirus Bio LLC), or with Dharmafect Duo (Thermo Scientific, Lafayette, CO) for co-delivery of plasmid. Luciferase assays were performed as described by us30 (link).
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