Logiq e model

The ultrasound examination of the first parturient whitetip reef shark female was performed using a Logiq e model (General Electric^®, Boston, MA, USA) equipped with a convex transducer ranging in frequency from 3 to 5 MHz. Latex gloves coated with a generous amount of gel were used to protect the transducer from possible damage caused by contact with salt water and shark skin and to promote adequate transmission of the ultrasound wave. The animal was physically restrained using the tonic immobility maneuver and positioned in dorsal decubitus throughout the examination, according to the structure being analyzed and with the patient’s cooperation. A state also known as animal hypnosis, it induces loss of muscle tone and equilibrium while the shark remains unresponsive to major stimulation. It allows safer and less stressful procedures and, unlike chemical anesthetics, allows immediate recovery and minimal disruption to respiration [30 (link),31 (link)]. An ultrasound scan of the entire coelomic cavity, the diagnosis of pregnancy, and the detailing of the fetus were performed. Anatomical descriptions follow Crow and Brock [32 ] and Mylniczenko [23 ].

The patients were positioned according to their determined brachial plexus block type. A General Electric (GE) LOGIQ e model (GE Medical Systems, Phoenix, AZ, USA) was used as USG. The Linear Multifrequency 12L probe was passed through a sterile camera sheath and made suitable for use in the surgical field. Stimuplex A^® (B. Braun Aesculap, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan) 21G was used as the needle. A needle of 100 mm in length for supraclavicular and infraclavicular block and 50 mm in length for interscalene block was preferred. The entry site of the peripheral nerve block needle was sterilized with an antiseptic solution containing 10% povidone-iodine. After the preparation the patient was informed, and 4cc 2% lidocaine hydrochloride was injected into the entry site to provide local anesthesia. The USG probe was positioned according to the block type, and the in-plane technique was always used during application. A local anesthetic was injected at the required dose and concentration from the appropriate brachial plexus region according to the decided upper-extremity block.