The light beam from a continuous wave (CW) laser diode (MLL-III-532–200mW, CNI Laser; 200 mW) was passed through beam splitters (BS010, Thorlabs Inc.) and focused on to multiple spots on the vessels of interest. The positions of the heating spots were controlled by a set of mirrors. The duration and frequency of the heating cycle were controlled by a function generator (DG1022, Rigol; 5.71-Hz frequency, 40% duty cycle). Because the PA signal amplitude is dependent on temperature, the heat-induced thermal wave propagation can be measured.
Dg1022
Manufactured by Rigol
Sourced in China
The DG1022 is a dual-channel function/arbitrary waveform generator produced by Rigol. It can generate sine, square, ramp, pulse, and other standard waveforms, as well as arbitrary waveforms. The DG1022 has a frequency range of 1 μHz to 25 MHz and can output signals with a maximum amplitude of 10 Vpp.
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17 protocols using dg1022
1
Laser-Induced Thermal Wave Imaging
2
Acoustic Meta-Neural Network Simulation
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Our acoustic meta-neural network was simulated using MATLAB and trained in a desktop with a GeForce RTX 2070 Graphical Processing Unit(GPU), Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v3 @ 2.40 GHz and 160 GB of RAM, running Windows 7 operating system(Microsoft).
In the experiment, the input sound was generated by a speaker (Beyma CP380), driven by the waveform generator (RIGOL DG1022). The sensor we used on the detection plane was 1/4-inch free field microphone (BRÜEL & KJÆR Type 4961) and the stand-alone recorder (BRÜEL & KJÆR Type 3160-A-022). The experiments are carried out in anechoic room.
In the experiment, the input sound was generated by a speaker (Beyma CP380), driven by the waveform generator (RIGOL DG1022). The sensor we used on the detection plane was 1/4-inch free field microphone (BRÜEL & KJÆR Type 4961) and the stand-alone recorder (BRÜEL & KJÆR Type 3160-A-022). The experiments are carried out in anechoic room.
3
Closed-Loop Optogenetic Stimulation during Sleep
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The setup and parameters for in vivo optogenetics were similar as described previously40 (link), 43 . A 473 nm blue laser (Shanghai Laser & Optics), TTL-controlled by a pulse-generator (Master-8, A.M.P.I., or DG1022, Rigol), was coupled to a branching fiberoptic patchcord (Doric Lenses) through a fiber optic rotary joint (Prizmatix). Light intensity at the exit of each branch was adjusted to ~6 mW, which reached ~5 mW at the exit of the fiberoptic implants (~80% transmission). Bilateral fiberoptic implants delivered trains of light pulses (1 ms pulses at 10 Hz, 5 sec on 5 sec off) selectively during sleep. Closed-loop stimulation system was modified from a previously described system9 . Real-time sleep scoring was performed using SleepMaster program (Biosoft Studio, Hershey, PA), and based on weighted considerations of EEG amplitude, EMG amplitude, delta power (0.5–4 Hz), theta power (4.5–8 Hz), beta power (30–50 Hz), and EEG variation (SD/Mean). Correct stim: ≥ 3 secs of stimulation in a 10-sec NREM or REM epoch; correct non-stim: ≤ 3 secs of stimulation within a 10-sec Wake epoch; false stim: > 3 secs of stimulation in Wake epochs; false non-stim: < 3 secs of stimulation during sleep epochs. For additional within-subject controls, rats received handling and patchcord attachment during baseline without getting laser stimulation.
4
Spectral Characterization of Metadevice
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The spectral characterization of the metadevice was made based on a measuring system that was built on the basis of the supercontinuum laser SC450-4-AOTF (Fianium, NKT Photonics) and optical spectrum analyzer AQ6373B (Yokogawa) with wavelength accuracy of ± 0.05 nm. Light from a supercontinuum source was coupled to a standard telecommunication single-mode fiber SMF28 (Corning) to illuminate a metamaterial cell. Also, the same kind of a fiber was used for providing a signal to the optical spectrum analyzer. The SMF28 series has a core diameter equal to 8 µm and a numerical aperture NA = 0.14. To ensure precise manipulation of the fiber position in relation to the DFLC-loaded metamaterial cell, the 3DMAX system with piezomechanical controls from Thorlabs was used. The measurement system also included the waveform generator DG1022 (Rigol) and the linear voltage amplifier F10AD (FLC Electronics).
5
Closed-Loop Optogenetic Stimulation during Sleep
6
Ultrafast Spatial Modulation Laser Protocol
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Output pulses from an SM DS mode-locked fiber laser were subsequently launched through a broadband EOM (Conoptics M350-160) and a piece of FM fiber (CorActive DCF-UN-20/125-080) to generate temporally varying spatial profiles. The EOM operated as an ultrafast variable wave plate and was driven by using a high-speed digital amplifier (Conoptics 25D, DC-30 MHz bandwidth). Both the DC bias and modulation amplitudes of the amplifier were set by monitoring the spatial modes between two EOM states using a standard CCD (FLIR System CMLN-1352M-CS). During dynamic STS-CUP imaging, the amplifier was seeded by an external function generator (Rigol DG1022) that generated a square wave with a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency equal to half that of the laser pulse repetition rate, i.e., 8 MHz in this case.
7
TDLAS System for Water Vapor Monitoring
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The TDLAS system designed in this work mainly comprised an infrared laser, modulation unit, optical path, photodetectors, and high-speed data acquisition and processing module, as shown in Figure 2 . An OEM VCSEL driver (VITC002 from Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA) with a temperature controller was applied for laser modulation. The functional parameters of the laser (VCSEL from Vertilas, München, Germany) and function signal generator (DG-1022 from Rigol, Beijing, China) are listed in Table 1 .
Because of the advantages provided by analyzing water vapor, H2O-based TDLAS measurement assessments were used in this study but with more accurate experimental validation and a specially designed optical path intended for the monitoring of combustion processes. Water will produce intense absorbance bands in the near-IR region 1400, 1800, and 2700 [16 ,21 ]; and to avoid any interference by other species (such as C-H radical), 1392 nm was selected as the center wavelength for water vapor detection. Photodetectors (PN-2000 from Lightsensing Technologies, Beijing, China) with a response range of 900–1650 nm were used to determine the transmitted light intensity. Data were obtained using a data acquisition card (PCI-20612 from TDEC, Sichuan, China) with four channels, operating at 32 bits and a maximum rate of 50 MSa/s.
Because of the advantages provided by analyzing water vapor, H2O-based TDLAS measurement assessments were used in this study but with more accurate experimental validation and a specially designed optical path intended for the monitoring of combustion processes. Water will produce intense absorbance bands in the near-IR region 1400, 1800, and 2700 [16 ,21 ]; and to avoid any interference by other species (such as C-H radical), 1392 nm was selected as the center wavelength for water vapor detection. Photodetectors (PN-2000 from Lightsensing Technologies, Beijing, China) with a response range of 900–1650 nm were used to determine the transmitted light intensity. Data were obtained using a data acquisition card (PCI-20612 from TDEC, Sichuan, China) with four channels, operating at 32 bits and a maximum rate of 50 MSa/s.
8
Fabrication of Piezoelectric Microfluidic Devices
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A piezoelectric transducer (PZT-3000 kHz, H4P163000, Fukuda Ultrasound Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Sylgard 184, Dow-Corning, Midland, MI, USA), a lithography machine (ABM/6/350/NUV/DCCD/M, ABM, New York, NY, USA), a positive photoresist (ma-N 400, Micro Resist, Berlin, Germany), a charge coupled device (CCD) and microscope (Obvious Ltd., Co., China), a syringe pump (LSP01, Longer, Baoding, China), a signal generator (DG1022, Rigol, Beijing, China), a power amplifier (2375, TEGAM, Geneva, OH, USA), dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate solutions (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), and glycerol (Zibo Hije Chemical Ltd., Co., China) were used in this study.
9
Optogenetic Stimulation of A1 Neurons
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To evoke neuronal activity of A1 neurons, the surface of the exposed brain was illuminated with blue light pulses (473 nm wavelength, 10 Hz with 30 ms pulse width, 5s On, 55s Off). Light was delivered by an optical fiber (200 μm diameter) connected to a fiber-coupled DPSS laser source (CNI). Light pulses were generated by a waveform function generator (DG1022, Rigol) connected to the laser source. The optical fiber was held by 3-axis micromanipulator (LBM-2025-00, Scientifica) and placed 5 mm above brain surface.
10
Validating Vibration Frequency Prediction
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An experiment was conducted to validate the proposed method using a vibration test system, which consisted of a RIGOL DG1022 arbitrary waveform generator, MB Dynamics MODAL 50 exciter, and SL500VCF amplifier. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 4 .
Sine signals were generated every 5 Hz between 0 and 50 Hz; then, the signals passed through the amplifier with minimum gain and to the exciter. A modular steel structure was excited by the precisely controlled vibration signals, and a video of the measurement ROI inFigure 4 d, which was set to the beam near the exciter with a resolution of 468 × 14 pixels, was recorded simultaneously. Then, the proposed method was applied to the recorded videos to determine the vibration frequency prediction of the measurement target ROI.
Sine signals were generated every 5 Hz between 0 and 50 Hz; then, the signals passed through the amplifier with minimum gain and to the exciter. A modular steel structure was excited by the precisely controlled vibration signals, and a video of the measurement ROI in
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