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32 protocols using cd45 pacific blue

1

Phenotypic Characterization of ASC

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ASC cultures from early passages (1–6 population doublings) were harvested and resuspended in DMEM/F12 with 2% FBS. The cells were then centrifuged and suspended in cold PBS at a concentration of 106 cells/100 μl. Cell aliquots were stained with monoclonal mouse anti-human antibodies against the following antigens: CD44-peridinin-chlorophyll-protein/cyanin 5.5, CD90-phycoerthyrin (PE), PE/Cy7-CD105, CD73-fluorescein isothiocyanate, CD34-Alexa Fluor 647, CD45-Pacific Blue (PB), CD11b-PB, and CD31-PB (BioLegend, San Diego, CA) for 30 minutes in the absence of light at 4°C. The cells that were stained with a single antibody coupled with a fluorescent dye were acquired for compensation purposes. After incubation, the cells were washed and resuspended in cold PBS. Flow cytometry was performed using a Becton Dickinson LSR II. A gate was set to include only the viable propidium iodide-negative cells. The number of cells staining positive for a given cell surface marker was determined by the percentage of cells present within an established gate. A minimum of 10,000 events were counted for each analysis.
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2

Purification of Human ASC Subsets

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Freshly harvested stromal vascular cell (SVC) human lipoaspirate cell pellets were resuspended in FACS buffer and stained with antibodies specific to human: CD45‐Pacific blue (PB, BioLegend, San Diego, California, Cat#304022) for hematopoietic cells; CD235a(Glycophorin A)‐eFluor 450 (BioLegend, Cat#349108) for erythrocytes, and erythroid progenitors; CD31(PECAM‐1 or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule)‐eFluor 450 (BioLegend, Cat#303114) for endothelial cells; CD34‐AlexaFluor(AF)‐488 (BioLegend, Cat#343517) for ASCs; and CD146‐PE/Cy7 (BioLegend, Cat#361007) for the proangiogenic ASC subset. All primary antibodies were stained in a 1:100 ratio, which was determined based on prior experiments. 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat#D1306) was used as a live‐dead stain. Flow cytometry (FACS Aria II, BD Biosciences, San Jose, California) was used to isolate three populations of ASCs based on a Lin‐negative (CD45−CD235a−CD31−) and positive gating strategy; CD34+CD146+, CD34+CD146−, and CD34+ unfractionated (UF) ASCs (Figures 1 and S1).15, 16, 17 Cells were sorted using a 100 μm nozzle, and a flow rate of 1, with the “purity” setting. Purity was tested before sorting by analyzing 2000 freshly sorted cells and was found to be >99% for each of the three ASC subpopulations.
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3

Flow Cytometric Isolation of ASCs

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Human ASCs were isolated from the SVF according to surface marker expression profiles by FACS. The SVF pellet was resuspended in 100 μL for staining with the following anti‐human fluorescent antibodies: CD45‐Pacific Blue (PB) (#304029, Biolegend, San Diego, California) to label hematopoietic cells; CD235a(Glycophorin A)‐eFluor450 (#48‐9987‐42, eBioscience, San Diego, California) to label erythrocytes and erythroid progenitors; CD31(PECAM‐1)‐eFluor450 (#48‐0319‐42, eBioscience) to label endothelial cells; CD34‐Fluorescein Isothiocyanate(FitC) (#555821, BD Biosceinces, San Jose, California) to label ASCs; and CD74‐Allophycocyanin(APC) (#326811, BioLegend) to label the antifibrotic subset of ASCs. All primary antibodies were diluted 1:100. After 30 minutes incubation with primary antibodies shielded from light, cell suspension solutions were diluted with FACS buffer, centrifuged (450g, 5 minutes, 4°C), resuspended in 500 μL of FACS buffer, and filtered through a 70 μm nylon mesh. 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) (#62248, ThermoFisher) was added as a live‐dead stain (1:10 000). FACS (BD II Aria) was then used to isolate ASCs (CD45−, CD235a−, CD31−, CD34+ live single cells) that were CD74+ (CD45−, CD235a−, CD31−, CD34+, CD74+), CD74− (CD45−, CD235a−, CD31−, CD34+, CD74−), and “unsorted” (US, CD45−, CD235a−, CD31−, CD34+ only).
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4

NK Cell Cytotoxicity Assay

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1 × 105 NK cells were added to tumor cell lines at an E/T ratio of 1 : 1 in 200 μl, spun down at 300 r.p.m. for 2 min and incubated in the presence of FITC-conjugated anti-CD107a antibody or isotype control antibody (BioLegend). After 30 min, 1 μg of GolgiStop (BD Biosciences) was added for an additional period of 3.5 h. As a positive control for NK cell degranulation, NK cells were incubated with 50 ng/ml PMA and 1 mM ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich). When indicated, NK cells were incubated with 10 μg/ml of anti-NKG2D (1D11) or isotype control for 20 min before the addition to target cells. Cell suspensions were washed, stained for CD45-Pacific blue, CD3-PE and CD56-PE Cy7 (all from BioLegend) on ice in FACS buffer for 30 min, washed and briefly incubated with a 1 : 40 dilution of 7-AAD (BioLegend). Cells were measured on a FACS Canto II (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo 9.3.2 software (Treestar).
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5

Multicolor Flow Cytometry of Tumor and Immune Cells

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Cell suspensions of control skin, 4T1 tumors and tumor‐draining LNs were prepared as described.32 For staining, the following antibodies were used: CD45‐APC/Cy7 or CD45‐PacificBlue (Biolegend 103116, 103126), CD31‐APC (BD 551262), podoplanin‐PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, 12‐5381‐82), CD3‐PE/Cy7 (Biolegend 100220), CD11b‐BV605 (Biolegend 101257), Ly6C‐PE (Biolegend 128008), Ly6G‐FITC (Biolegend 127606), F4/80‐Alexa647 (BioRad MCA497G), VE‐cadherin‐APC (Biolegend 138012) and goat antimouse VCAM‐1 (R&D AF643), followed by washing and labeling with a secondary donkey antigoat‐Alexa488 antibody. For staining of cultured cells, cells were harvested using trypsin and subsequently stained with Itga4‐FITC (Biolegend 103606), Itgb1‐FITC (Biolegend 102206), goat antimouse Itga9 (R&D, Minneapolis, MN, AF3827) or goat antimouse VCAM‐1 (R&D AF643), followed by a donkey antigoat‐Alexa488 antibody. 7‐AAD or Zombi‐Aqua (both Biolegend) was used for life/dead discrimination. Samples were analyzed on an ARIA II or a Canto (both BD) or a Cytoflex S (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), and analyzed using FlowJo v10.4.2 (FlowJo LLC, Ashland, OR).
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6

Monocyte phenotyping with cancer cell interaction

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Human monocytes were cultured alone or with mf or three different CMFDA-labeled cancer cell lines (green; FITC channel) as mentioned above. After 48 hrs, cells were harvested, washed with PBS and incubated with 10 μl human IgG (10 mg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 10 min at 4°C to inhibit nonspecific binding through FcγRs and then incubated with marker-specific mAb conjugated with PDL2- APC (eBioscience, Cat No. 17-5888-42), VCAM1(Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1)-APC (Biolegend, Cat No. 305810), CD14-APC Cy7 (eBioscience, Cat No. 47-0149-42), CD45-Pacific blue (Biolegend, Cat No. 304022), CD206 (Mannose receptor)-Percp efluor 710 (eBioscience, Cat No. 46-2069-42), PDL1-PE-Cy7 or PDL1-APC (eBioscience, Cat No. 25-5983-42 and Cat No. 17-5983-41 respectively), or CD163-PE (eBioscience, Cat No. 12-1639-42), CD45-PE (eBioscience, Cat No. 12-9459-42) at saturating concentrations for 30 min at 4°C and washed twice with FACS medium. Monocyte cell populations (CD45+/CMFDA-) were then identified and gated to measure the expression of cell surface markers.
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7

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analysis of Microglia

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For routine verification of purified samples, cells resuspended in FACS buffer (0.1% BSA in PBS) were incubated with 1μg/ml anti-CD16/CD32 (Biolegend, UK, cat # 101301) to block Fc receptors and stained with anti-mouse CD11b-PE (Biolegend, cat # 101207, clone: M1/70), CD45-Pacific Blue (Biolegend, cat # 103125, clone: 30-F11) and F4/80-APC (Biolegend, cat # 123115, clone: BM8). To assess overlap between microglial CD11b and EGFP expression in mixed brain cell suspensions from Csf1r-EGFP mice, samples were stained as above and microglia identified according to their characteristic CD11b+F4/80+CD45lo profile. To measure MHC-II expression on microglia from mixed brain cell suspensions, cells were stained with RPE-Alexa Fluor 750 anti-mouse CD11b (AbD Serotec UK, cat # MCA74P750T), APC anti-mouse CD45 (Biolegend, cat # 103111) and eFluor 450 anti-mouse MHC Class II (eBioscience, UK, cat # 48-5321-80). Flow cytometry was performed using a FACS Aria IIIu or LSR Fortessa (Becton Dickenson, UK) and data analysed using FlowJo software (FlowJo, OR, USA).
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8

Single-cell analysis of heX-embryoid

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To prepare a single-cell solution of heX-embryoid, the culture was treated for 45 min with Collagenase C solution (3 mg ml−1 StemCell Technologies) followed by 15 min of treatment with Accuatse (Sigma). FC block solution (Thermo Fischer) was added to the samples followed by 10 min of incubation on ice. Next, the antibody mix (final dilution of 1:400) was added to the samples followed by 30 min incubation on ice. Cells were analysed using an LSR II flow cytometer (BD Bioscience) using 7-AAD (BD Pharmingen) for dead cell staining. The antibodies used were CD34-APC (Clone 581, Biolegend), KIT-BV421 (Clone 104D2, BD Bioscience), CD43-PE (Clone CD43-10G7, Biolegend), CD235ab-PE-Cy7 (Clone HIR2, Biolegend), CD33-BV605 (Clone P67.6, Biolegend), CD42b-AF700 (Clone HIP1, Biolegend), CD7-PE-Cy7 (Clone 4H9/CD7, Biolegend), CD45-Pacific Blue (Clone HI30, Biolegend), CD45-APC-Cy7 (Clone HI30, Biolegend), CD45-APC (Clone HI30, Biolegend), CD31-PE-Cy7 (Clone WM59, Biolegend), CD15-PE (Clone HI98, Biolegend), CD56-PE-Cy7 (Clone MEM-188, Biolegend) and CD49d(VLA-4)-BV605 (Clone 9F10, Biolegend). Back-gating, controls and analysis steps can be seen in Supplementary Information 1 and 2.
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9

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Mouse and Human Immune Cells

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Flow cytometric analyses were conducted using an LSR II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). Data were evaluated using FlowJo software (Version 7.6.5; Flowjo). All antibodies against human or mouse cells were used at appropriate dilutions, as determined by previous titration. Doublet discrimination was carried out and non-viable cells were excluded by 4,6 diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining (Sigma-Aldrich). Mouse cells were characterized using the antibodies as follows: CD3-V500, CD4-V450, CD11c-APC Cy7, SiglecF-AF647, Ly6G-FITC, CD11b-V500, B7-1-V450, B7-2-PE Cy7, CD62L-FITC (BD Biosciences); mPDCA1-APC, B220-PE (Miltenyi Biotec); CD8-PE Cy7, F4/80-PerCP, SiglecH-PE, TLR4-AF488, TLR9-FITC, MHC-I-FITC, MHC-II-V450, PD-L1-PerCP, ICOS-L-PE, OX40L-APC (eBioscience); TLR7-PE (Abcam); p75NTR-AF488 (Advanced Targeting Systems), CD45-Pacific Blue (Biolegend), and panTrk-FITC (Cell Signaling Technology). Human cells were characterized using the antibodies as follows: TrkA-PE (R&D Systems); BDCA-2-FITC, BDCA-4-PE, p75NTR-APC, p75NTR-FITC, p75NTR-PE (Miltenyi Biotec); CD45-V500, CD3-PE, CD4-FITC, CD8-PerCP, FcεRIα-FITC, IL-3R-PE Cy7, CD184-PE Cy7, MHC-I-PE Cy7, MHC-II-PE, CD80-V450, CD86-PE, CD83-V500, OX40L-V500, PD-L1-PE Cy7, CCR7-V450, CCR9-APC (BD Biosciences), CD3-APC eFluor780, CD4-APC, CD8-PE Cy7, CD25-PE (eBioscience), and CD69-PerCP Cy5.5 (BioLegend).
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10

Immunophenotyping of Leukemic Cells

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Suspended single cell was prepared from BM samples of AML patients. Red cells were lysed with 1× RBC Lysis Buffer (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) before staining. Cells were incubated with antibodies in Facs buffer (2% FBS in PBS) on ice for 20 min at dark. The following human-specific monoclonal antibodies were used: CD45-Pacific Blue (BioLegend, cat. no. 304029), CD99-FITC (BioLegend, cat. no. 371303), CD49d-PE (BioLegend, cat. no. 304303), CD52-Percp-Cy5.5 (BioLegend, cat. no. 316009). For intracellular staining, surface-marked cells were fixed for 20 min and then permeabilized using an IntraStain Kit (Dako, DK) according to the manufacturer’s instructions after washing with 1× PBS (HyClone, USA) and centrifugation at 400×g for 5 min. Subsequently, the cells were stained with anti-Galectin-1 (Abcam, cat. no. ab138513) for 20 min and then washed once. Stained cells were analyzed on FACSAria (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA).
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