1240 uv vis spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu - Product details

1

Phenol Biosorption Capacity Evaluation

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Batch biosorption experiments were carried out using 100 mL conical flasks containing 50 mL of the phenol solutions at different initial concentrations. Calcium alginate beads containing a desired amount of PO biosorbent were added to the phenol solution at a suitable volume ratio. The flasks were agitated at 175 r/min to guarantee a good dispersion of the composite beads for a period of 24 h to allow complete equilibration. Experiments were carried out at 20±2°C and at pH=4 which corresponded to the initial pH of phenol solutions supplemented with the pretreated PO biosorbent. The biosorption capacity (Qe), which is the amount of phenol adsorbed per unit mass of the biosorbent (mg/g), was evaluated by using Eq. 1:
where C 0 and C e are the initial and final phenol concentration (mg/L) in solution, respectively, V is the volume of solution in mL and w is the weight of biosorbent in g.
The phenol content was analysed using a spectrophotometric method based on rapid condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine with phenol in the presence of potassium ferricyanide, to form a coloured product under alkaline conditions (Bandhyopadhyay et al., 2001) (link). The absorbance was read at a 510 nm wavelength using Shimadzu UV-VIS 1240 spectrophotometer.

Lazli W., & Hellal A. (2020). Biosorption of phenol by modified dead leaves of Posidonia oceanica immobilized in calcium alginate beads: Optimal experimental parameters using central composite design. Water SA, 46(2 April).

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2

Phenol Biosorption Capacity Evaluation

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Batch biosorption experiments were carried out using 100 mL conical flasks containing 50 mL of the phenol solutions at different initial concentrations. Calcium alginate beads containing a desired amount of PO biosorbent were added to the phenol solution at a suitable volume ratio. The flasks were agitated at 175 r/min to guarantee a good dispersion of the composite beads for a period of 24 h to allow complete equilibration. Experiments were carried out at 20±2°C and at pH=4 which corresponded to the initial pH of phenol solutions supplemented with the pretreated PO biosorbent. The biosorption capacity (Qe), which is the amount of phenol adsorbed per unit mass of the biosorbent (mg/g), was evaluated by using Eq. 1:
where C 0 and C e are the initial and final phenol concentration (mg/L) in solution, respectively, V is the volume of solution in mL and w is the weight of biosorbent in g.
The phenol content was analysed using a spectrophotometric method based on rapid condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine with phenol in the presence of potassium ferricyanide, to form a coloured product under alkaline conditions (Bandhyopadhyay et al., 2001) (link). The absorbance was read at a 510 nm wavelength using Shimadzu UV-VIS 1240 spectrophotometer.

Lazli W., & Hellal A. (2020). Biosorption of phenol by modified dead leaves of Posidonia oceanica immobilized in calcium alginate beads: Optimal experimental parameters using central composite design. Water SA, 46(2 April).

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3

Reducing Sugars Quantification in P. aegyptiaca

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Reducing sugars were measured colorimetrically using the Sumner method following carbohydrates and starch hydrolysis (Sumner, 1924 ). Forty mg dry weights of each of the P. aegyptiaca samples from the different developmental stages and different organs were ground using a Restch MM 301 homogenizer and extracted in 40 ml HCl 1N at 70°C for 2 h. After cooling, the pH was adjusted to 7.3 and the volume to 50 ml with water. One half ml of the samples was then mixed with 1.5 ml water and 2 ml of Sumner reagent and left for 5 min at 90°C. After cooling, the reducing sugars were detected at 550 nm by the UV-vis spectrophotometer 1240 (Shimadzu) (Hacham et al., 2016 (link)). A standard curve was created using glucose in a range of 50–500 μg.

Nativ N., Hacham Y., Hershenhorn J., Dor E, & Amir R. (2017). Metabolic Investigation of Phelipanche aegyptiaca Reveals Significant Changes during Developmental Stages and in Its Different Organs. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 491.

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4

Enzymatic and Antioxidant Assays in Biological Samples

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Enzymatic and nonenzymatic estimations were carried out in PMS. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity was assayed at 340 nm by the method of Carlberg and Mannervik.[18 (link)] Activity of catalase (CAT) was measured in PMS by the method of luck at 240 nm.[19 ] The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP) was measured at 340 nm by the method of Flohé and Günzler[20 (link)] in the presence of NADPH. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined by method of Kono.[21 (link)] Protein content was estimated by the method of Lowry et al.[22 (link)] Reduced GSH content was measured by the method of Ellman[23 (link)] and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was estimated in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) formed, by the method of Wills.[24 (link)] Blood glucose level was estimated using Glucometer (Abbott Labs Ltd.). Optical density of all biochemical estimations was read on Shimadzu UV/VIS spectrophotometer 1240.

Gupta N.K., Srivastva N., Bubber P, & Puri S. (2016). The Antioxidant Potential of Azadirachta indica Ameliorates Cardioprotection Following Diabetic Mellitus-Induced Microangiopathy. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 12(Suppl 3), S371-S378.

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5

Quantitative Xylose Isomerase Assay

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Cells were cultivated in SMM supplemented with 20 g l⁻¹ xylose and were harvested at OD₆₀₀ of 2.5. Cell-free extracts were prepared in 100 mM tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) using a glass bead beater and protease inhibitor cocktail set IV (Merck) was added. The xylose isomerase activity of the cell extracts was determined at ambient temperature (25 °C) using the UV-VIS Spectrophotometer 1240 (Shimadzu). The 1-ml reaction mixture contained 100 mmol l⁻¹ Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.5), 10 mmol l⁻¹ MgCl₂, 500 mmol l⁻¹ xylose, 1 U of sorbitol dehydrogenase (Roche), 0.15 mmol l⁻¹ NADH, and 0.05 ml of the cell extract [6 (link)]. Protein concentration was measured using the Coomassie protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific). One unit of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to oxidize 1 μmol of coenzyme/min, and the specific activity was expressed in units per milligram of protein.

Peng B., Huang S., Liu T, & Geng A. (2015). Bacterial xylose isomerases from the mammal gut Bacteroidetes cluster function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for effective xylose fermentation. Microbial Cell Factories, 14, 70.

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6

Spectrophotometric Carotenoid Quantification in Algae

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Carotenoid content of algal extracts was estimated spectrophotometrically according to Lichtenthaler and Buschmann (31 (link)) method. Aliquots of the extracts were prepared at concentration of 1 mg/mL in ethanol. Absorbances were measured at 470, 648 and 664 nm (1240 UV-Vis spectrophotometer; Shimadzu), and carotenoid content was calculated using the Lichtenthaler equations (25 (link), 31 (link)).
where Chla and Chlb are chlorophyll a and b respectively. The numbers in the equations are the specific absorbance coefficients.

Khemiri S., Bouchech I., Berrejeb N., Mejri M., Smaali I, & Khelifi N. (2022). Effects of Growth Medium Variation on the Nutri-Functional Properties of Microalgae Used for the Enrichment of Ricotta. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 60(1), 29-40.

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7

Carotene Determination in Vegetable Oils

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Carotene is commonly used as one of useful parameters to test the effectiveness of an adsorbent. The carotene content, expressed as β-carotene, was determined by measuring the absorbance at a wavelength of 446 nm which was homogenized and diluted in 25 mL of isooctane (Silva et al., 2014 ). The samples of CPO and RBDPO were weighed as much as 0.1 g into a 25 mL volumetric flask and then dissolved using 25 mL of isooctane (until it reached the meniscus line). The cuvette was filled with sample solutions (CPO or RBDPO and isooctane) and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 446 nm using Shimadzu 1240 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and isooctane blank. The carotene values were calculated according to Eq. (4) which is obtained from the previous study (Hashim et al., 2019 ).

Equation 4.

w = sample weight (g).
The value of 383 is the carotene calibration factor at a wavelength of 446 nm.

Ifa L., Wiyani L., Nurdjannah N., Ghalib A.M., Ramadhaniar S, & Kusuma H.S. (2021). Analysis of bentonite performance on the quality of refined crude palm oil's color, free fatty acid and carotene: the effect of bentonite concentration and contact time. Heliyon, 7(6), e07230.

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8

Color and Transmittance of Diluted Pear Paste

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A colour guide system (CR−400, Konica Minolta Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) with Illuminant D₆₅ and 10° observer angle was used to measure the color (L*, a* and b*) of the diluted pear paste using a colorless and transparent petri dish filled with 20 mL diluted pear paste. L* indicated black (L* = 0) to white (L* = 100) component, a* indicated green (−) to red (+) component, and b* indicated blue (−) to yellow (+) component. The Hue angle value showed the variation of color which could be calculated by the formula: h° = arctan (b*/a*) with the variation between 0° (purple−red) and 180° (green), and the medium h = 90° is for yellow. The transmittance (T) of the diluted pear paste was determined at 625 nm using a 1240 UV−vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan).

Feng Y., Cheng H., Cheng Y., Zhao J., He J., Li N., Wang J, & Guan J. (2023). Chinese Traditional Pear Paste: Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activities and Quality Evaluation. Foods, 12(1), 187.

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9

Measuring Malondialdehyde in Onion Roots

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At the end of the 72nd h, MDA levels of A.cepa root samples of groups were analyzed using the method proposed by Unyayar et al.^{28 (link)}. A 0.5 g root sample was homogenized in a 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution with a mortar and pestle. The obtained homogenates were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 14 min at room temperature. Supernatant and 20% TCA–0.5% thiobarbituric acid (TBA) solution were mixed in the same amounts in a test tube. Test tubes with mixtures were heated in a hot water bath at 98 °C for 23 min in a hot water bath. At the beginning of 24th min, the test tube was put in an ice bath to stop the reaction. Cooled mixtures were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min at room temperature. Supernatant was taken and its absorbance at 532 nm and 600 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1240 UV–VIS spectrophotometer).

Macar O., Kalefetoğlu Macar T., Çavuşoğlu K., Yalçın E, & Acar A. (2023). Assessing the combined toxic effects of metaldehyde mollucide. Scientific Reports, 13, 4888.

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10

Antioxidant Evaluation of Modified Liposomes

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The antioxidant activity of the modified liposome was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging capacity assay according to a reported method [22 (link)] as follows: 2 mL of ethanolic DPPH solution (0.125 mM) was mixed with 1 mL of astaxanthin liposomes or astaxanthin suspension. The mixtures were incubated for 30 min at 25 °C in the dark and then the residual DPPH concentration was determined at 517 nm using a 1240 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The DPPH radical-scavenging rate was evaluated by Equation (2):

R = 1 - [\frac{(A - C)}{B}] \times 100 %

where R is DPPH radical-scavenging rate, %. A is the absorbance of the samples. B is the absorbance of blank samples (1 mL of water with 2 mL of DPPH ethanolic solution). C is the absorbance of the control solution (prepared by adding ethanol instead of DPPH· solution).

Qiang M., Pang X., Ma D., Ma C, & Liu F. (2020). Effect of Membrane Surface Modification Using Chitosan Hydrochloride and Lactoferrin on the Properties of Astaxanthin-Loaded Liposomes. Molecules, 25(3), 610.

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1240 uv vis spectrophotometer

Lab products found in correlation

13 protocols using 1240 uv vis spectrophotometer

Phenol Biosorption Capacity Evaluation

Phenol Biosorption Capacity Evaluation

Reducing Sugars Quantification in P. aegyptiaca

Enzymatic and Antioxidant Assays in Biological Samples

Quantitative Xylose Isomerase Assay

Spectrophotometric Carotenoid Quantification in Algae

Carotene Determination in Vegetable Oils

Color and Transmittance of Diluted Pear Paste

Measuring Malondialdehyde in Onion Roots

Antioxidant Evaluation of Modified Liposomes

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