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28 protocols using na2hpo4

1

Cultivation and Characterization of HUVEC

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Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 BulletKit (EGM-2) were obtained from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland), and Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (ECGM) purchased from Promocell (Heidelberg, Germany). 10 × Dulbecco's-phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (−) (2 g/L KCl, 80 g/L NaCl, 2 g/L KH2PO4, 11.5 g/L Na2HPO4) was from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). 5 mL polystyrene round-bottom tube with cell-strainer cap (12 × 77 mm) and 0.5% Trypan blue stain solution were obtained from Corning Falcon (Corning, NY, USA) and Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan), respectively.
In order to reduce the number of passages and to use the cells at the same passage when preparing microvessels, primary HUVEC were thawed upon reception, amplified for two passages in EGM-2 and frozen again. When fabricating microvessels, cells were thawed in EGM-2, seeded in 21 cm2 culture dishes, cultured at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air, and used at 70–80% confluence. Cells were harvested by rinsing once with PBS, incubating with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA solution for 3 min at 37 °C in 5% CO2/95% air and collected in ECGM. Cells were passed through a 35 μm cell strainer to dissociate cell aggregates; stained with Trypan Blue and live cells were counted using a hemocytometer.
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2

Chondrocyte Culture Analysis Protocol

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Cell lysates of cultured chondrocytes were collected from 12-well polystyrene culture
plates every 2 weeks during the culture period for quantification of total DNA and GAGs
content. After culture media was removed and washed with PBS, papain solution containing
300 µg/ml papain (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)
in 20 mM Na2HPO4 (Wako), 2 mM dithiothreitol (Wako) and 1 mM EDTA
(Dojindo) was added to perform cell digestion. Digested chondrocytes were incubated with
papain solution for 18 hr at 60°C. The total DNA content was quantified by Hoechst 33258
assay (Wako) with a calf thymus DNA as a standard (Sigma-Aldrich) and detected with
350/460 nm filter set. Total GAGs content quantification was performed with cell lysate
and culture media to evaluate both GAGs accumulation and GAGs released in culture media.
Dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay (Sigma-Aldrich) was used with chondroitin sulphate as
a standard (Wako) and absorbance was measured at 525 nm, then normalized with DNA content.
Microplate reader (Infinite M200 Pro, Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland) was used for
measurement in both assays.
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3

Analysis of Blacklip Abalone Compounds

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Viscera were obtained from Australian Blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) cultured in Australia, frozen, and shipped. d(+)-Glucose, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaOH, soybean oil, tert-butylhydroquinone, NaCl, isoflurane, glucose CII-Test Wako, TG E-Test Wako, cholesterol E-Test Wako, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol E-Test Wako, and transaminase CII-Test Wako were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). D2O was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan), and the ACE-kit WST was purchased from Dojin Molecular Technology, Inc. (Kumamoto, Japan). Plate count agar with bromocresol purple was purchased from Nissui Pharmaceutical Co. (Tokyo, Japan), and acetonitrile was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). β-Corn starch, casein, α-corn starch, sucrose, cellulose, AIN76 mineral mixture, AIN76A vitamin mixture, and l-cysteine were purchased from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Anti-Cancer Compound Screening Protocol

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Compounds, such as NSC13626 were requested from National Institute of Health (Bethesda, MA, United States). HCT116 CRC line was obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (Hsinchu, Taiwan). McCoy’s 5A cell culture medium, sulforhodamine B (SRB), dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, propidium iodide, and Triton X-100 purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, United States). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), acetic acid, Trizma base, Tris–HCl, sodium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ethanol, citric acid, and Na2HPO4 were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Cocktail protease inhibitor was obtained from Calbiochem Research Biochemicals (Merck, Burlington, MA, United States). RNase A was purchased from Bioshop (Ontario, Canada).
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cultured Cells

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Cells were cultured on glass coverslips in 12-well plates. Cells on coverslips were washed in phosphate-buffered saline [PBS; 137 mM NaCl (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan; 31320-34), 2.7 mM KCl (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA; P9541), 10 mM Na2HPO4 (Wako, Osaka, Japan; 198-05955F), and 1.8 mM KH2PO4 (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan; 28736-75)], fixed for 20 min with 4% paraformaldehyde (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan; 26123-55) in PBS, washed again with PBS, and permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan; 35501-15) in PBS for 3 min. Cells were then washed and blocked in PBS containing 4% bovine serum albumin (BSA; Wako, Osaka, Japan; 015-23295) for 30 min at room temperature. Coverslips were then incubated overnight in 4% BSA/PBS containing primary antibodies (1:200 dilution). Subsequently, cells were rinsed and incubated with secondary antibodies in 4% BSA/PBS (1:200 dilution) for 1 h at room temperature. After washing with PBS, coverslips were mounted on slides using ProLong Diamond Antifade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA; P36966), and observed on a confocal laser-scanning microscope with a 60× PlanApo/1.45NA DIC objective (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan; FV10i-LIV), as previously described [33 (link)].
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6

Endothelial Cell Culture Protocol

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HUVECs and EGM-2 endothelial cell growth medium-2 BulletKit were purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). 0.5 w/v % trypsin-5.3 mM ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-4Na solution and 10X Dulbecco's-phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (-) (2 g/L KCl, 80 g/L NaCl, 2 g/L KH2PO4, 11.5 g/L Na2HPO4) were ordered from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). 5 mL polystyrene round-bottom tube with cell-strainer cap (12 x 77 mm style) and 0.5% Trypan blue stain solution were purchased from Corning Falcon (Corning, NY, USA) and Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto,Japan), respectively.
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7

Preparation of PLA/HAp Core-Shell Particles

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Acetone (99.5%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), vitamin K1 (97%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries), Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O (99%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries), (NH4)2HPO4 (99%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries), PLA ((C6H8O4)n, Mw 10–18 kDa, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, United States), and ultrapure water (milli-Q, resistivity > 18.2 MΩ·cm) were used to prepare the PLA/HAp core–shell particles. A phosphate buffer solution was prepared using Na2HPO4 (99%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and KH2PO4 (99.5%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries) for drug-release testing.
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8

Lipid Characterization and Fluorescent Labeling

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Porcine brain SM; synthetic DOPC, DSPC, DMPC, and DOPE; and commercially available fluorescent SMs were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. Cholesterol and NEG were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Stearoyl-SM was purified from the Porcine brain SM by HPLC, and the purity was monitored by thin-layer chromatography. These samples were dissolved at 1 mg/ml in CHCl3/MeOH (4:1 vol/vol) and stored at −20°C until use. ATTO488 and ATTO594 were purchased from ATTO-TEC, Texas-red-DPPE and Bodipy-PC were from Invitrogen, and CTMR was from Thermo Fisher Scientific. These dye compounds were stored in the dark at −20°C until use. PBS was obtained from Nacalai Tesque, NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 were from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, HBSS was from Nissui, Pipes was from Dojindo, and Triton X-100 was from ICN Biomedicals. Other chemicals were purchased from Nacalai Tesque.
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9

Calcium Carbonate Powder Synthesis

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CaCO3 powder was purchased from Sakai Chemical Industry (Osaka, Japan), methylcellulose-based binder from Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku (Osaka, Japan), and Na2HPO4 from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan).
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10

Chitosan-Genipin Hydrogel Biocompatibility

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Chitosan (200–600 mPa·s; 0.5% in 0.5% acetic acid at 20 °C, Tokyo Kasei Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan), genipin (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan), acetic acid (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Japan), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Japan), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Japan), Giemsa Stain Solution (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 10% formalin neutral buffer solution (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Japan), Dulbecco’s PBS (PBS; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), polyetherurethane (PU) film containing 0.1% zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) (ZDEC-PU; Hatano Research Institute, Hadano, Japan), PU film containing 0.25% zinc dibuthyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) (ZDBC-PU; Hatano Research Institute, Hadano, Japan), high-density polyethylene sheet (HDPE; Hatano Research Institute, Hadano, Japan), Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells (V79 cells; RIKEN RCB0008 and Japan Health Sciences Foundation JCRB0603), Eagle’s minimum essential medium (MEM; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), fetal bovine serum (FBS; Corning Cellgro, Manassas, VA, USA), 0.5% and 0.25% trypsin solution (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Japan and Thermo Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA, respectively), and CELL COUNTING KIT-8 (Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan) were used in this study.
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