FFPE specimens were sectioned at five-micrometers and stained on the
DISCOVERY XT platform (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, U.S.A). TAM and microglia were identified using antibodies against IBA1. Antibodies targeting CD3 and CD8 stained the entire T cell population and cytotoxic T cells, respectively. Regulatory T cells were stained by antibodies against forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). Due to the lack of a validated antibody, the CD4
+ T cell number was estimated to be the difference between the CD3
+ and CD8
+ T cell numbers according to published protocol.
35 In six cases, the number of CD8
+ T cells exceeded or was identical to the number of CD3
+ T cells, so that the CD4
+ T cell population was considered to be equal to the FOXP3
+ T cell number, since the latter constitutes a subpopulation of CD4
+ T cells. The following primary antibodies were used: Anti-IBA1 (1:500, rabbit polyclonal, #019–19741, Wako Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd., Osaka, Japan); anti-human FOXP3, clone 259D (1:100, mouse monoclonal, #320202, BioLegend, San Diego, U.S.A);
anti-human CD8, clone C8/144B (1:100, mouse monoclonal, code M7103, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark);
anti-human CD3 (1:100, rabbit polyclonal, code A0452, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).
Kaffes I., Szulzewsky F., Chen Z., Herting C.J., Gabanic B., Velázquez Vega J.E., Shelton J., Switchenko J.M., Ross J.L., McSwain L.F., Huse J.T., Westermark B., Nelander S., Forsberg-Nilsson K., Uhrbom L., Maturi N.P., Cimino P.J., Holland E.C., Kettenmann H., Brennan C.W., Brat D.J, & Hambardzumyan D. (2019). Human Mesenchymal glioblastomas are characterized by an increased immune cell presence compared to Proneural and Classical tumors. Oncoimmunology, 8(11), e1655360.