The curcuminoid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and stevioside (1.968 mg; Sigma-Aldrich) mixture (curcuminoids/stevioside mixture) used in the preparation of water-soluble curcuminoids were dissolved in 200 μL of deionized water (DW). The curcuminoids/stevioside mixture (200 μL), curcuminoids (0.032 mg mixed with 200 μL of DW), and stevioside (1.968 mg mixed with 200 μL of DW) were exposed to microwave irradiation using a microwave-assisted extractor (CEM, Matthews, NC, USA) at 100 W and 25 °C for 5 min. The samples were stored at 4 °C until further use. Water-soluble curcuminoids prepared using stevioside and a microwave-assisted method were named C—S/M.
Curcuminoid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Curcuminoid is a laboratory product from Merck Group that contains a mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. It is a yellow-colored crystalline solid.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Stevioside, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Curcumin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rubusoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Steviol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Reb a, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium pyruvate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tryptic soy broth (tsb), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Trypsin edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle medium dmem, by Corning (1 mentions)
Polysorbate 20, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Stearylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium deoxycholate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium phosphate monobasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using curcuminoid
1
Microwave-Assisted Water-Soluble Curcuminoids
2
Stevia and Curcuminoid Compounds Isolation
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Five commercial stevia extracts and derivatives (enzymatically-modified stevioside, SWETA, ML01, SWETA75, and stevioside) were purchased from Daepyung Co. Pvt. Ltd. (Seongnam, Korea). Curcuminoids, stevioside, steviol, rubusoside, and Reb-A were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other SGs, including steviol monoglucoside, steviolbioside, and steviol mono-glucosyl ester were prepared in our laboratory as previously described [19 (link),21 (link)]. Turmeric powder was purchased from a local market. Curcuminoids (≥94%) containing ≥80% curcumin (PubChem CID: 969516), DMC (PubChem CID: 5469424), and BDMC (PubChem ID: 5315472) were purchased from Sigma as standard. Glucosyl stevioside was synthesized and isolated using Leuconostoc glucansucrases [22 (link),23 (link),24 (link)]. All reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co.
3
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
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Firstly, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)), 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), quercetin, curcuminoids and Trolox® were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louise, MO, USA). Absolute ethanol was purchased from Amresco Inc. (Solon, OH, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), sodium pyruvate, 0.25% trypsin–EDTA and tryptic soy broth (TSB) were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) was purchased from Corning (Glendale, AZ, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide and (DMSO) and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) were purchased from Unilab (Sydney, Australia). Agar was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Neomycin sulfate was purchased from Sichuan Long March Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China). Beeswax, lecithin and Carbopol 940® were purchased from Namsiang International Co., Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). Staphylococcus aureus DMST8013 (ATCC6538) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DMST15501 (ATCC9027) were purchased from the Department of Medical Sciences in the Ministry of Public Health (Bangkok, Thailand).
4
TLC Analysis of EEZC Compound
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The Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis was used to identify the active EEZC compound. A total of 100.0 mg of EEZC was dissolved in 10.0 mL of absolute ethanol. This procedure used curcuminoids (Sigma) that was dissolved in ethanol as a standard. Each 2 μL of the extract and curcuminoid were applied on silica gel GF 254 as the stationary phase and eluted with the mobile phase of chloroform : ethanol : glacial acetic acid (94 : 5 : 1). The detection of EEZC was done under daylight and UV 254 nm.
5
Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
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Curcumin (≥94% Curcuminoid content; ≥80% Curcumin) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lipoid S 100 (>94% soybean phosphatidylcholine, PC) was a generous gift from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). High molecular weight (MW) chitosan (Brookfield viscosity 800.000 cps and degree of deacetylation of 77%), polysorbate 20, stearylamine (SA), sodium deoxycholate (SDCh), methanol, disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, propylene glycol (PG), glycerol, and acetic acid were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Albunorm® (human serum albumin, 200 mg/mL) was produced by Octapharma AG (Lachen, Switzerland).
6
Heparin-based Anticancer Drug Conjugate
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Acros Organics (USA) provided Heparin sodium, 3-amino-1-propanol (Ami), 1,4-diaminobutane (DAB), silver nitrate (AgNO3), 1-ethyl-3-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC), p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (NPC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Sigma-Aldrich provided cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (II) (Cis), 99.99%, Curcuminoid (Cur), and poloxamer P403. Dialysis membranes (3.5 kDa and 12–14 kDa MW cut-off) were obtained from Repligen Corporation (Rancho Dominguez, Los Angeles, CA, USA).
7
Formulation and Characterization of Curcumin-loaded Liposomes
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ST (Imigran) was purchased from GlaxoSmithKline PLC (London, UK). Curcumin (≥94% Curcuminoid content; ≥80% Curcumin) and cholesterol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC, ≥99% [TP-PC]) and N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethylenglycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PEG-2000-DSPE, ≥98% [HPLC]) sodium salt were purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
8
Antioxidant Activity Determination
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Curcuminoid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), were purchased from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2, 4, 6-tripyridyl-striazine (TPTZ) and ferrous sulphate were procured from Himedia, Mumbai. All other chemicals were of analytical grade obtained from SRL (India).
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